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GERD — Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

A chronic disease caused by the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department. Book Appointment →

What is GERD — Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach contents flow back into the esophagus due to inadequate closure of the lower esophageal sphincter. GERD is diagnosed when bothersome symptoms or complications are experienced at least once a week.

When stomach acid irritates the esophageal mucosa, burning and sourness occur. Long-term acid exposure can lead to esophagitis, stricture and Barrett's esophagus, a premalignant condition.

While lifestyle modifications form the foundation of treatment, proton pump inhibitors control symptoms in many patients. Regular endoscopic follow-up is essential in patients who develop Barrett's esophagus.

Symptoms

Burning behind the breastbone (heartburn)
Bitter or sour water coming up to the mouth (regurgitation)
Difficulty swallowing or painful swallowing
Chronic cough and throat irritation
Hoarseness (especially in the morning)
Worsening of symptoms after eating or when lying down
Epigastric pain and bloating

Risk Factors

Obesity
Pregnancy
Hiatal hernia
Smoking
Alcohol, caffeine, chocolate, spicy and fatty foods
Lying down immediately after eating
Some medications (calcium channel blockers, anticholinergics)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If there is difficulty swallowing or painful swallowing
  • If accompanied by weight loss and loss of appetite
  • If blood is detected in stool or vomit
  • If symptoms persist despite more than 2 antacid uses per week
  • Severe chest pain that wakes at night (emergency, to differentiate from heart attack)

Treatment Methods

01
Not lying down for 2-3 hours after eating, elevating the head of the bed
02
Weight loss (if obese)
03
Avoiding trigger foods (spicy, fatty, acidic foods, caffeine)
04
Proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, lansoprazole)
05
H2 receptor antagonists (for nighttime symptoms)
06
Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in resistant cases

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.