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Esophageal Perforation

Surgical emergency caused by rupture of the esophageal wall.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Genel Cerrahi department. Book Appointment →

What is Esophageal Perforation?

Esophageal perforation is a full-thickness rupture of the esophageal wall and is a serious emergency with high mortality. It most often develops from iatrogenic (endoscopic procedures), spontaneous (Boerhaave), and traumatic causes.

Esophageal contents leak into the mediastinum, pleura, or peritoneal cavity, leading to chemical mediastinitis, sepsis, and multi-organ failure. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are critical.

Contrast esophagogram and chest CT are the gold standard for diagnosis. Management is planned as conservative care, endoscopic stenting, or primary surgical repair according to the location, time, cause, and patient's clinical status.

Symptoms

Severe chest and back pain
Fever and chills
Shortness of breath
Subcutaneous emphysema
Dysphagia
Tachycardia and hypotension
Sepsis and shock

Risk Factors

History of endoscopic intervention
Dilatation procedures
Severe vomiting (Boerhaave)
Foreign body ingestion
Blunt or penetrating trauma
Esophageal tumors
Caustic ingestion

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Sudden severe chest pain
  • Severe pain after endoscopy
  • Pain after severe vomiting
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Signs of sepsis

Treatment Methods

01
Emergency resuscitation and antibiotic therapy
02
Broad-spectrum antibiotics
03
Contrast esophagogram and CT
04
Endoscopic stent placement
05
Primary surgical repair
06
Esophagectomy (in late cases)
07
Intensive care follow-up

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Genel Cerrahi department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Genel Cerrahi Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.