Distraction Osteogenesis
Gradual bone lengthening through controlled mechanical traction
This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.
This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı department. Book Appointment →
What is Distraction Osteogenesis?
Distraction osteogenesis is based on Ilizarov's principle of tension-stress, in which gradual traction (typically 0.5-1 mm per day) across a bone callus induces the formation of new bone (regenerate). The technique was first applied to long bones and then extended to craniofacial regions including mandible, maxilla, midface, alveolar ridge, and cranial vault.
Indications include severe mandibular hypoplasia (Pierre Robin sequence with airway obstruction, hemifacial microsomia, Treacher Collins syndrome), maxillary deficiency in cleft lip and palate, midface hypoplasia in syndromic craniosynostosis (Crouzon, Apert, Pfeiffer), alveolar ridge augmentation for implant placement, and craniofacial cleft repair. Compared to conventional osteotomy with bone grafting, DO achieves greater movement (up to 25-30 mm in mandible) with simultaneous soft tissue expansion.
Three phases define the protocol: latency (5-7 days post-osteotomy for callus formation), activation (gradual distraction at 1 mm/day in two daily increments), and consolidation (8-12 weeks for bone maturation before device removal). Internal (buried) and external (transcutaneous pin-based) distractors are available; internal devices reduce scarring but may be less precise. Postoperative imaging, clinical examination, and orthodontic coordination guide protocol adjustments.
Symptoms
Risk Factors
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:
- Newborn with severe mandibular hypoplasia and airway obstruction
- Infant with Pierre Robin sequence and feeding difficulty
- Child with hemifacial microsomia or syndromic craniosynostosis
- Severe maxillary deficiency in cleft palate patient
- Class III malocclusion with severe skeletal disproportion
- Obstructive sleep apnea with maxillomandibular hypoplasia
- Severe alveolar ridge atrophy planning implant placement
- Failed prior orthognathic surgery with skeletal relapse
- Posttraumatic skeletal deformity
- Tumor resection requiring jaw reconstruction
- Cranial vault deformity in craniosynostosis
- Functional and esthetic concerns affecting quality of life
Treatment Methods
Which Department to Visit?
You can visit our Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.
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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.