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Constipation

Slow bowel transit and difficult or infrequent defecation

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department. Book Appointment →

What is Constipation?

Constipation is a symptom defined by infrequent, hard, or painful defecation; the Rome IV criteria classify chronic constipation when symptoms persist for at least three months.

Primary (functional) causes include slow-transit constipation, pelvic floor dysfunction, and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C).

Secondary causes include hypothyroidism, diabetes, colorectal malignancy, neurological disease, pregnancy, and medications (opioids, anticholinergics, iron).

Most cases improve with dietary fibre, fluids, and exercise; red flags (blood in stool, weight loss, new onset over 50 years) require colonoscopy.

Symptoms

Fewer than three bowel movements per week
Hard, lumpy, or pellet-like stools
Excessive straining during defecation
Sensation of incomplete evacuation
Abdominal bloating and cramping
Sensation of rectal blockage
Need for manual manoeuvres to evacuate

Risk Factors

Low dietary fibre intake
Inadequate fluid intake
Sedentary lifestyle
Advanced age
Opioids, antidepressants, antihypertensives, iron supplements
Hypothyroidism, diabetes, Parkinson's disease
Pregnancy and hormonal changes

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If blood is seen in stool or stool is black
  • If unintentional weight loss accompanies symptoms
  • If new-onset constipation develops over age 50
  • If abdominal pain worsens progressively
  • If no improvement occurs despite laxative use

Treatment Methods

01
Dietary fibre 25-35 g per day (vegetables, fruits, whole grains)
02
Fluid intake of at least 1.5-2 L per day
03
Regular exercise (walking, swimming)
04
Osmotic laxatives (polyethylene glycol, lactulose)
05
Short-term stimulant laxatives (bisacodyl) when needed
06
Treatment of underlying conditions (hypothyroidism, medication review)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.