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Colon Cancer

A common digestive system cancer arising from the large intestine that is highly treatable with early diagnosis.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Genel Cerrahi department. Book Appointment →

What is Colon Cancer?

Colon cancer is a malignant tumor arising from epithelial cells lining the inside of the large intestine. The term 'colorectal cancer', which also includes rectal cancer, is used in a broader sense.

The vast majority of cancers develop from adenomatous structures that initially grow as polyps and undergo malignant transformation over the years. This process can take 10-15 years; for this reason, colonoscopic removal of polyps at an early stage prevents cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. However, when diagnosed at an early stage, the 5-year survival rate is over 90%. Regular screening is recommended from age 50.

Symptoms

Change in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation, or alternating between them)
Rectal bleeding or blood in stool
Abdominal pain, cramping, or gas
Feeling of incomplete defecation
Unexplained weight loss and weakness
Iron deficiency anemia
Palpable abdominal mass in advanced stage

Risk Factors

Age 50 and over
Family history of colorectal cancer or adenomas
Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's, ulcerative colitis)
Red meat and processed meat consumption
Obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking
Type 2 diabetes
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Rectal bleeding or darkening of stool
  • Bowel habit change lasting more than 6 weeks
  • Unexplained weight loss and chronic fatigue
  • Diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia
  • For routine screening colonoscopy at age 50

Treatment Methods

01
Surgical resection: removal of the tumor-bearing bowel segment and regional lymph nodes (hemi- or sigmoid colectomy, anterior resection, etc.)
02
Laparoscopic colon surgery: minimally invasive approach with oncological outcomes equivalent to open surgery
03
Adjuvant chemotherapy: FOLFOX or CAPOX regimens in stage III and high-risk stage II tumors
04
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: for preoperative downsizing, especially in rectal cancer
05
Targeted therapy: agents such as bevacizumab and cetuximab in metastatic cases
06
Endoscopic polypectomy: in early-stage lesions limited to the polyp

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Genel Cerrahi department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Let us help you

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.