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Herpes (Cold Sores)

Recurrent blistering rash on the lips or genital area caused by the herpes simplex virus.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Dermatoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Herpes (Cold Sores)?

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) consists of two main strains, type 1 and type 2. HSV-1 typically causes cold sores around the mouth, while HSV-2 mainly causes genital herpes; however, both strains can affect both areas.

After the initial infection, the virus becomes dormant in nerve tissue and can reactivate with triggers such as stress, fatigue, sun exposure, or immune suppression, causing recurrent attacks.

Herpes is contagious; there is risk of transmission during active lesions and periods of asymptomatic viral shedding. Neonatal herpes is a serious medical emergency; management of genital herpes in pregnant women is particularly important.

Symptoms

Burning, itching, and tingling around lips or mouth (prodrome)
Small, fluid-filled, painful blisters
Yellow crusting formed when blisters burst
Painful lesions in genital area and burning when urinating
Swelling of groin lymph nodes (genital herpes)
Fever and muscle aches (especially during first attack)
Recurrent attacks (usually in the same area)

Risk Factors

Kissing or oral-genital contact with an infected person
Unprotected sexual intercourse
Immune system suppression
Stress, fatigue, and lack of sleep
Excessive sun exposure (triggers cold sores)
Febrile illnesses (cold sores are formerly known as 'fever blisters')
Neonatal period (risk of transmission from mother)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If there is suspicion of herpes lesion in the eye (EMERGENCY)
  • When signs of herpes are observed in newborn (EMERGENCY)
  • If attacks are becoming more frequent or severe
  • If lesions spread in immunocompromised individuals
  • In the case of genital herpes activating during pregnancy

Treatment Methods

01
Topical acyclovir cream (early application — limited effect)
02
Oral antiviral drugs (acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir)
03
Suppressive therapy for frequent recurrent cases (daily oral antiviral)
04
Avoiding triggering factors and stress management
05
Using sunscreen (cold sore prevention)
06
Avoiding close contact during active lesion period

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Dermatoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Dermatoloji Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.