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Chickenpox (Varicella)

A contagious viral disease with itchy rash caused by varicella-zoster virus, commonly seen in childhood.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

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This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is Chickenpox (Varicella)?

Chickenpox (varicella) is a highly contagious viral disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), transmitted through respiratory tract and direct contact with skin lesions. It was among the most common viral infections of childhood in the pre-vaccine era.

The disease begins with fever and weakness after an incubation period of 10-21 days; then the typical vesiculopustular rash begins on the scalp and spreads to the trunk and extremities. Lesions are seen simultaneously at different stages (macule, papule, vesicle, crust).

Although generally benign in children, it can be severe in adults, pregnant women, immunosuppressed patients, and newborns. After past infection, the virus remains latent in nerve roots and can reactivate years later as shingles (herpes zoster).

Symptoms

Prodrome starting with fever, weakness, and loss of appetite
Itchy rash starting on the scalp and spreading to the trunk
Lesions at different stages (macule, papule, vesicle, crust)
Intense itching
Oral and mucosal erosions
Headache and muscle aches
Spontaneous healing with crust falling off (1-2 weeks)

Risk Factors

Unvaccinated individuals
Close contact (family, daycare, school)
First infection in adulthood
Pregnancy and newborn period
Immunosuppressive therapies and HIV
Hematologic malignancies and chemotherapy
Chronic lung and skin diseases (severe course)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If high fever and weakness persist for more than 3 days
  • New, large bullae and signs of bacterial superinfection
  • Shortness of breath, cough, chest pain (suspected pneumonia)
  • Headache, vomiting, seizure, or altered consciousness
  • In pregnancy, immunosuppression, and newborn cases

Treatment Methods

01
Supportive treatment in healthy children (rest, fluids)
02
Antipyretics (acetaminophen; acetylsalicylic acid is not used)
03
Calamine lotion and antihistamines for itching
04
Oral/IV acyclovir in high-risk groups
05
Varicella vaccine (VZV) — provides effective protection
06
VZIG prophylaxis after close contact (in immunosuppressed and pregnant)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.