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Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella)

A zoonosis caused by Bartonella henselae that presents with lymphadenopathy.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Published:

This content is for general information; please consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella)?

Cat-scratch disease is generally a self-limited infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bartonella henselae. Young cats (especially kittens) are carriers.

Transmission occurs via scratch, bite or saliva of an infected cat. A papule or pustule develops at the inoculation site within 1-2 weeks, followed by regional lymph node enlargement.

In immunocompromised patients it can cause severe forms such as bacillary angiomatosis and endocarditis.

Symptoms

Papule or pustule at the bite/scratch site
Painful regional lymphadenopathy (axilla, neck, groin)
Low-grade fever and malaise
Headache and anorexia
Occasional lymph node suppuration
Atypical forms with eye (Parinaud), neurological or hepatosplenic involvement
Bacillary angiomatosis in immunocompromised patients

Risk Factors

Cat ownership (especially kittens)
Contact with stray cats
Exposure to cat fleas
Children and adolescents
Immune deficiency (HIV, transplantation)
Occupational exposure (veterinarian, cat handler)
Farm environment

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When painful lymph node enlargement appears after cat contact
  • When abscess formation develops in an enlarged lymph node
  • When fever and systemic symptoms accompany the disease
  • When eye involvement or neurological symptoms develop
  • When any suspicion of Bartonella arises in an immunocompromised patient

Treatment Methods

01
Most patients self-limit; supportive care suffices
02
Azithromycin (effective in reducing lymph node enlargement)
03
Alternative: doxycycline, rifampin, ciprofloxacin
04
Fine-needle aspiration for suppurative nodes (avoid incision)
05
Long-term combination therapy in immunocompromised patients
06
Flea control and cat hygiene

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.