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Boerhaave Syndrome

Spontaneous esophageal rupture with high mortality.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Genel Cerrahi department. Book Appointment →

What is Boerhaave Syndrome?

Boerhaave syndrome is spontaneous esophageal rupture often triggered by severe vomiting after heavy alcohol intake and overeating. It was first described by Hermann Boerhaave in 1724.

The rupture is usually in the left lower thoracic esophagus and posterolateral. Leakage of esophageal contents into the mediastinum and pleura causes chemical mediastinitis, empyema, and sepsis.

The Mackler triad (vomiting, chest pain, subcutaneous emphysema) is the classical diagnostic finding. Diagnosis can be delayed and mortality is high. Emergency surgical repair is the main treatment, and early intervention determines the prognosis.

Symptoms

Sudden severe chest and back pain
History of severe vomiting
Shortness of breath
Subcutaneous emphysema
Hamman sign (crackling with heart sounds)
Tachycardia and hypotension
Fever and sepsis

Risk Factors

Heavy alcohol use
Overeating
Severe and repeated vomiting
Pre-existing esophageal disease
Advanced age
Bulimia
Drugs causing vomiting

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Severe chest pain after vomiting
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Sensation of subcutaneous emphysema
  • Signs of shock
  • Generalized weakness

Treatment Methods

01
Emergency resuscitation
02
Broad-spectrum antibiotics
03
Nasogastric decompression
04
Emergency primary surgical repair
05
Thoracic drainage
06
Esophageal stent
07
Intensive care follow-up

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Genel Cerrahi department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Genel Cerrahi Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.