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Barrett's Esophagus

Replacement of the esophageal lining by abnormal tissue resembling gastric epithelium as a result of chronic reflux damage.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department. Book Appointment →

What is Barrett's Esophagus?

Barrett's esophagus is a condition that occurs when the squamous epithelium of the lower esophagus is replaced by an intestinal-type epithelium, called intestinal metaplasia, in response to repeated mucosal injury caused by chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Its prevalence in patients with longstanding GERD is around 10-15%.

The importance of Barrett's esophagus lies in its potential to progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma. The degree of dysplasia is classified as no dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia. The risk of progression to cancer increases markedly with high-grade dysplasia.

Most patients are diagnosed when endoscopy is performed for reflux symptoms; Barrett's esophagus does not produce specific symptoms of its own. Diagnosis must be confirmed by endoscopy and biopsy.

Symptoms

Persistent burning and regurgitation lasting many years
Difficulty swallowing (if a stricture has developed)
Chronic cough and hoarseness
Barrett's esophagus does not cause specific additional symptoms; GERD symptoms predominate
In some patients reflux symptoms may decrease (changes in acid sensitivity after metaplasia)

Risk Factors

GERD history exceeding 5 years
Male over 50 years of age
Obesity (especially central obesity)
Smoking
White race
Family history of Barrett's esophagus or esophageal adenocarcinoma

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • For screening endoscopy in any patient with GERD symptoms exceeding 5 years
  • If swallowing difficulty or sensation of food sticking is present
  • If unintentional weight loss accompanies
  • If dysplasia is detected on endoscopic follow-up

Treatment Methods

01
Long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy (may slow mucosal progression)
02
Endoscopic surveillance every 3-5 years in Barrett without dysplasia
03
Endoscopy or ablation every 6-12 months in low-grade dysplasia
04
Endoscopic ablation (radiofrequency ablation, cryotherapy) or surgical resection for high-grade dysplasia
05
Lifestyle changes: weight loss, smoking cessation, reflux control
06
Multidisciplinary gastroenterology-surgery evaluation

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Dahiliye (İç Hastalıkları) department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.