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Addison's Disease (Primary Adrenal Insufficiency)

Chronic endocrine disease due to insufficient production of adrenal cortex hormones.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Endokrinoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Addison's Disease (Primary Adrenal Insufficiency)?

Addison's disease (primary adrenal insufficiency) is a chronic endocrine disorder presenting with glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and adrenal androgen deficiency due to destruction of the adrenal cortex. The most common cause in developed countries is autoimmune adrenalitis (80-90%); tuberculosis, infections, cancers, and genetic causes are other reasons.

The autoimmune form may occur in isolation or as part of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS). APS type 1 occurs in childhood with hypoparathyroidism and mucocutaneous candidiasis, APS type 2 occurs in adults with thyroid disease and type 1 diabetes.

Clinical signs appear when gland damage exceeds 90%. Diagnosis is established with low cortisol, high ACTH, and ACTH stimulation test. Adrenal crisis is an emergency life-threatening condition; rapid hydrocortisone and fluid replacement are required.

Symptoms

Chronic fatigue and weakness
Weight loss and loss of appetite
Hyperpigmentation (especially scars, gums)
Postural hypotension
Salt craving
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
Hypoglycemia
Depression and irritability

Risk Factors

History of autoimmune disease (especially type 1 diabetes, thyroiditis)
Family history of APS
History of tuberculosis
HIV infection
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Adrenal hemorrhage (anticoagulant use)
Bilateral adrenal metastasis
Genetic causes (adrenoleukodystrophy)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Unexplained chronic fatigue and weight loss
  • Dark skin color change
  • Postural dizziness and low blood pressure
  • Salt craving
  • Unexplained hypoglycemia
  • Acute crisis findings (shock, fever, confusion)

Treatment Methods

01
Hydrocortisone 15-25 mg/day in divided doses
02
Fludrocortisone 0.05-0.2 mg/day (mineralocorticoid)
03
Stress dose (during illness, surgery, trauma)
04
Patient education for emergency hydrocortisone injection
05
IV hydrocortisone and fluid in adrenal crisis
06
DHEA replacement in selected cases
07
Use of medic-alert bracelet
08
Regular clinical follow-up and dose adjustment

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Endokrinoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.