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Acute Rheumatic Fever

A disease that develops after streptococcal infection and affects the heart, joints, and nervous system.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is Acute Rheumatic Fever?

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an autoimmune disease that develops 2-4 weeks after untreated Group A streptococcal pharyngitis in children and adolescents, resulting from cross-reactivity of the immune system with the body's own tissues.

It primarily presents as joint inflammation (arthritis), carditis, Sydenham's chorea, erythema marginatum, and subcutaneous nodules. Diagnosis is made according to the Jones criteria.

Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis are critically important for preventing chronic rheumatic heart disease.

Symptoms

Migratory arthritis in large joints
Fever and malaise
Heart murmurs and chest pain (carditis)
Sydenham's chorea (involuntary movements)
Erythema marginatum
Subcutaneous nodules
History of prior throat infection

Risk Factors

Children aged 5-15 years
Untreated streptococcal throat infection
Crowded living conditions
Inadequate access to healthcare
Family history
Living in developing countries
Seasonal outbreaks

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When joint pain begins after a streptococcal throat infection
  • When shortness of breath and chest pain develop
  • When involuntary movements and coordination problems occur
  • If prolonged fever and malaise are present
  • For new symptoms in a patient with known ARF history

Treatment Methods

01
Penicillin for streptococcal eradication
02
Anti-inflammatory therapy (aspirin or other NSAIDs)
03
Corticosteroids if carditis is present
04
Symptomatic treatment for chorea
05
Long-term secondary prophylaxis (benzathine penicillin G)
06
Cardiology follow-up

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Department

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You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.