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Actinic Keratosis

A premalignant skin lesion that develops due to chronic sun exposure and has the potential to transform into squamous cell carcinoma.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Dermatoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Actinic Keratosis?

Actinic keratosis (solar keratosis) is a precancerous skin lesion (early-stage intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma) that develops as a result of atypical proliferation of keratinocytes due to chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure. It is common in fair-skinned individuals over 40.

Lesions usually occur in sun-exposed areas such as the face, scalp (especially in men), ears, back of hands, and forearms. They are hard, crusted, and usually felt by fingers rather than seen ('sandpaper' feeling).

Approximately 0.025-16% of actinic keratoses can transform into invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) per year. The presence of multiple lesions (field cancerization) increases SCC risk; therefore treatment and follow-up are important.

Symptoms

Hard crusted lesions in sun-exposed areas (face, ears, scalp, back of hands)
Pink, red, or brownish color
Sandpaper-like dry, hard surface
Less than 1 cm in diameter, slightly raised
Sometimes mild itching, stinging, and tenderness
A 'rough' structure easily recognized on forehead and scalp
Delayed healing of small bleeds or wounds

Risk Factors

Fair skin (Fitzpatrick type I-II)
Chronic and cumulative sun exposure
Tanning bed use
Being over 50 years of age
Organ transplant recipients (immunosuppression)
Outdoor occupations (farmer, construction, fisherman)
History of existing skin cancer

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • A new hard crusted lesion in a sun-exposed area
  • Rapid growth or bleeding in an existing lesion
  • Non-healing wound or ulceration
  • Presence of multiple lesions (field treatment may be required)
  • Annual check-up for high-risk group (fair skin, organ transplant) individuals

Treatment Methods

01
Cryotherapy (freezing with liquid nitrogen)
02
Topical 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, diclofenac gel
03
Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
04
Curettage and electrocautery (for single lesions)
05
Field therapy (area treatment — topical treatments)
06
Broad-spectrum SPF 50+ sunscreen and sun protection (prevention)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Dermatoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.