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Accessory Breast Tissue (Polymastia / Polythelia)

Embryonic milk-line remnants forming accessory breast tissue and supernumerary nipples with clinical significance.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Genel Cerrahi department. Book Appointment →

What is Accessory Breast Tissue (Polymastia / Polythelia)?

Accessory breast tissue (polymastia) or accessory nipple (polythelia) is a remnant of breast tissue arising from incomplete regression of the embryonic milk line (axillary–inguinal axis). It is seen in 1–6% of the general population, most commonly in the axilla and underarm region, and rarely in the groin.

Accessory breast tissue may enlarge, become painful and discharge milk during pregnancy and lactation due to estrogen and prolactin stimulation. These remnants can develop the same pathologies as normal breast tissue (fibroadenoma, cyst, cancer).

Diagnosis is established by clinical examination and ultrasonography; surgical excision is recommended for symptomatic or growing lesions.

Symptoms

Swelling in the axilla or underarm (especially prominent during pregnancy and lactation)
Painful, growing axillary fullness during pregnancy
Axillary discharge during lactation
Pigmented small accessory nipple along the chest–abdominal line
Asymptomatic subcutaneous mass

Risk Factors

Family history of accessory breast tissue
Pregnancy and hormonal changes
Female sex (also seen in males)
Polymastia has been linked with some renal malformations

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Painful axillary swelling during pregnancy or lactation
  • Growing or hardening axillary mass
  • Skin changes or discharge over an axillary mass
  • Cosmetic concerns and psychosocial distress

Treatment Methods

01
Asymptomatic small lesions: observation
02
Symptomatic or growing accessory breast tissue: surgical excision
03
Discomfort during lactation: supportive measures and elective excision after weaning
04
Accessory nipple (polythelia): excision in case of cosmetic concern, simple skin removal
05
When malignancy is suspected: biopsy and wide excision if required

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Genel Cerrahi department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.