Treatment of gingival inflammation (gingivitis) and periodontitis affecting the supporting tissues of the tooth, using non-surgical and surgical approaches.
Indication
- Gum bleeding during brushing or spontaneously
- Gum redness, swelling, and tenderness (signs of gingivitis)
- Deep pocket formation between tooth and gum (periodontitis)
- Gum recession with exposure of tooth roots
- Bad breath (halitosis)
- Tooth mobility or migration
- Routine professional cleaning (preventive)
Preparation
- Detailed periodontal examination and pocket depth measurements
- Panoramic or periapical radiographs to evaluate bone level
- Systemic medical history (diabetes, heart disease, anticoagulant use)
- Smoking status — cessation is recommended
- Oral hygiene education
How it's performed
- Non-surgical treatment: removal of deposits on the tooth surface and below the gum line with ultrasonic instruments (scaling and root planing)
- Local anesthesia is used for deep cleaning when needed
- In inflammation, antimicrobial gel or mouthwash may be used
- Surgical treatment (when indicated): flap surgery to clean deep pockets
- Regenerative surgery (bone graft, membrane) may be applied for bony defects
- Mucogingival surgery (graft) may be used to cover prominent gum recession
Post-procedure
- Sensitivity and mild bleeding may occur for 24-48 hours after treatment
- Soft foods and chlorhexidine mouthwash are recommended in the first week
- Correct brushing technique and use of dental floss/interdental brushes
- Follow-up visit at 6-8 weeks
- Professional cleaning every 3-6 months in the maintenance phase (periodontal maintenance)
- Smoking cessation significantly improves treatment success
Risks
- Temporary tooth sensitivity after the procedure (especially hot/cold)
- Gum recession may become more visible after treatment
- Mild and transient bleeding
- Pain, swelling, or infection after surgical treatment (rare)
- Recurrence of disease if oral hygiene is inadequate
FAQ
What is the difference between gingivitis and periodontitis?
Gingivitis is a reversible inflammation that affects only the gums. Periodontitis is when the inflammation involves the gums, bone, and tooth-supporting tissues, and can cause irreversible damage.
Is gum treatment painful?
Surface cleaning is usually painless. Local anesthesia is used for deep cleaning and surgical procedures; mild sensitivity may persist for a few days afterward.
Will my gums return to their previous state after treatment?
In gingivitis, the gum largely recovers. Gum recession or bone loss caused by periodontitis cannot be fully recovered, but partial gain is possible with regenerative surgery.
How often should I have professional cleaning?
Once or twice a year is sufficient for healthy individuals. For those with periodontal disease, a maintenance session is recommended every 3-6 months.
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