A surgical-prosthetic treatment in which a titanium implant placed into the jawbone fuses with bone (osseointegration), and a crown, bridge, or denture is then attached on top to replace missing teeth.
Indication
- Single missing tooth — a treatment option that does not require grinding adjacent teeth
- Support for fixed bridges in cases of multiple missing teeth
- Fixed or removable dentures with improved retention in cases of total tooth loss
- Patients who need improvement in chewing function and speech
- Cases without healthy adjacent teeth that could serve as bridge abutments
- Patients with sufficient jawbone or those who can be prepared with bone augmentation
Preparation
- Detailed medical history; evaluation of conditions such as uncontrolled diabetes, advanced osteoporosis, and history of head-neck radiotherapy
- Assessment of smoking habits and recommendation to reduce or quit (smoking adversely affects osseointegration success)
- CBCT (cone beam CT) imaging to evaluate bone quantity, density, and relationships with nerves and sinuses
- Improving oral hygiene; treating periodontal disease first if present
- Planning bone graft or sinus lifting if needed
- Reviewing the use of blood thinners, bisphosphonates, and immunosuppressive medications with the physician
How it's performed
- Local anesthesia is administered; sedation may be preferred in extensive cases
- A small flap is raised on the gum and the implant socket is prepared with specialized drills
- The titanium implant is placed into the bone with controlled torque
- The gum is sutured and a healing abutment is placed if needed
- An osseointegration period of approximately 4-6 months in the upper jaw and 3-4 months in the lower jaw is awaited
- Once healing is complete, an impression is taken and the implant-supported crown, bridge, or denture is placed
Post-procedure
- Cold compresses, soft foods, and regular use of prescribed medications during the first week
- Avoiding smoking (especially critical for osseointegration during the first 4-8 weeks)
- Daily oral hygiene with floss and special implant brushes
- Routine check-ups and radiographic follow-up every 6-12 months after the prosthesis is placed
- Early consultation in case of peri-implant inflammation (peri-implantitis) signs such as bleeding, swelling, or bad odor
Risks
- Osseointegration failure (risk increases with uncontrolled diabetes and smoking)
- Peri-implantitis — inflammation around the implant leading to bone loss
- Issues related to the mandibular nerve in the lower jaw or the maxillary sinus in the upper jaw
- Bleeding, hematoma, or infection at the surgical site
- Temporary swelling, pain, and bruising; rare allergic reactions
FAQ
How long does dental implant treatment take?
The surgical placement generally takes 30-90 minutes. Then 3-4 months in the lower jaw and 4-6 months in the upper jaw are needed for bone-implant fusion (osseointegration). The superstructure (crown/bridge) is planned afterward.
I smoke or have diabetes — can I get an implant?
Smoking and uncontrolled diabetes are major factors that adversely affect osseointegration success and long-term implant survival. Quitting smoking before implant placement and keeping diabetes well-controlled are strongly advised.
How long does an implant last?
With proper planning, good oral hygiene, and regular check-ups, the vast majority of implants remain functional for many years. However, due to the risk of peri-implantitis and bone loss, a lifetime guarantee cannot be given.
Is the procedure painful?
Local anesthesia ensures that no pain is felt during surgery. Subsequent pain and swelling typically subside within 2-3 days with the recommended medications.
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