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Toxoplasmosis

A parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, mostly asymptomatic but serious during pregnancy and in immunosuppressed patients.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is Toxoplasmosis?

Toxoplasmosis is a globally widespread parasitic infection caused by the obligate intracellular protozoon Toxoplasma gondii. The definitive hosts are cats; humans are infected through consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing cysts, contaminated soil, and contact with cat feces.

Most healthy adults are asymptomatic or have mild flu-like symptoms. Lymph node enlargement is the most common clinical finding. In immunosuppressed individuals (HIV, transplant), serious presentations such as encephalitis, chorioretinitis and pneumonia may develop.

Congenital toxoplasmosis occurs through transmission to the fetus from mothers with primary infection during pregnancy. It can lead to chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, calcifications and developmental delay. Diagnosis is made with serological tests and PCR.

Symptoms

Often asymptomatic
Flu-like fever, weakness and muscle pain
Cervical lymphadenopathy
In immunosuppressed: encephalitis, altered consciousness
Toxoplasmic chorioretinitis (visual impairment)
Hydrocephalus and calcifications in congenital involvement
Hepatosplenomegaly

Risk Factors

Consumption of raw or undercooked meat (lamb, pork, game)
Unwashed vegetables and fruits
Contact with cat feces and soil (especially during pregnancy)
Use of contaminated water
Immunosuppressive therapy and HIV
Organ and stem cell transplantation
First exposure during pregnancy

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Risky exposure or positive serological test in pregnancy
  • Fever, headache, altered consciousness in immunosuppressed patient
  • Persistent cervical lymphadenopathy
  • Sudden decrease in vision or blurred vision
  • Suspicious findings in newborn (microcephaly, seizures)

Treatment Methods

01
Treatment is usually not required in healthy individuals
02
Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + folinic acid in immunosuppressed and severe cases
03
Spiramycin in pregnancy (to prevent transmission to fetus)
04
Joint treatment with ophthalmology in chorioretinitis
05
1 year of treatment in congenital toxoplasmosis
06
Avoidance of raw meat, unwashed vegetables, cat litter contact in pregnancy

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.