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Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea)

A symptom describing the sensation of inadequate or labored breathing; a common finding in many lung and heart diseases.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Göğüs Hastalıkları department. Book Appointment →

What is Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea)?

Shortness of breath (dyspnea) is the subjective feeling that breathing is inadequate or labored, evaluated by the clinician to investigate the underlying cause. Acute dyspnea (sudden onset) and chronic dyspnea (progressing over weeks to months) may indicate different causes.

Respiratory diseases (asthma, COPD, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia), heart diseases (heart failure, coronary disease), anemia, and anxiety disorders are among the most common causes.

The severity of dyspnea can be graded with the MRC (Medical Research Council) dyspnea scale. The severity of the symptom, accompanying findings, and risk factors lead to a correct diagnosis.

Symptoms

Sensation of insufficient or labored breathing
Being out of breath (with effort or at rest)
Chest tightness
Rapid or shallow breathing
Increased dyspnea when lying down (orthopnea — indicator of heart failure)
Waking at night with sudden shortness of breath (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea)
Decreased exercise capacity

Risk Factors

Smoking
Diagnosis of COPD or asthma
Heart failure or coronary disease
Obesity
Anemia
Anxiety and panic disorder
Advanced age and muscle weakness

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If sudden severe shortness of breath develops, call emergency services
  • If there is bluish discoloration in the lips or fingertips, go to the emergency department
  • Dyspnea progressing over weeks and limiting activity
  • If chest pain, fever, or palpitations accompany
  • If control of an existing chronic disease has worsened

Treatment Methods

01
Treatment of the underlying cause (most important step)
02
Bronchodilator inhalers (for asthma, COPD)
03
Diuretics (for heart-failure-related dyspnea)
04
Oxygen support (if hypoxemia is present)
05
Psychological support and medication for anxiety/panic-related dyspnea
06
Pulmonary rehabilitation and breathing-supportive exercises

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Göğüs Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Göğüs Hastalıkları Department

Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.