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COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

A chronic lung disease that develops as a result of exposure to harmful particles, primarily tobacco, and progresses with airway obstruction.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Göğüs Hastalıkları department. Book Appointment →

What is COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)?

COPD is a lung disease characterized by progressive and largely irreversible airway obstruction developing from long-term exposure to harmful gases and particles, primarily cigarette smoke, with chronic bronchitis and emphysema coexisting.

The disease progresses slowly; symptoms typically become apparent after age 40. Chronic cough, sputum production and dyspnea with exertion are the most typical complaints. Lung function (spirometry) gradually declines over time.

COPD is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Quitting smoking is the most effective intervention that alters the disease course.

Symptoms

Chronic productive cough (especially in the morning)
Increased sputum production
Progressive shortness of breath with exertion
Wheezing breathing
Feeling of tightness in the chest
Recurrent lung infections (exacerbations)
In advanced stages: resting dyspnea, cyanosis, right heart failure (cor pulmonale)

Risk Factors

Cigarette smoking (the most important risk factor — responsible for 80-90%)
Occupational exposure to dust, fumes and chemicals
Exposure to biomass fuel (wood, dung burning)
Air pollution
Recurrent lung infections in childhood
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (genetic)
Low socioeconomic status

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Get spirometry for undiagnosed chronic cough or dyspnea
  • Emergency presentation for COPD exacerbation (sudden worsening of symptoms)
  • Call emergency services if cyanosis and altered consciousness occur
  • For annual influenza vaccination (twice a year) and pneumococcal vaccination (every five years)
  • To evaluate the need for oxygen therapy

Treatment Methods

01
Smoking cessation (the most critical step in treatment)
02
Short-acting bronchodilators (SABA or SAMA — symptom relievers)
03
Long-acting bronchodilators (LABA + LAMA combination)
04
Inhaled corticosteroids (add-on in severe COPD and frequent exacerbations)
05
Pulmonary rehabilitation (breathing exercises and conditioning)
06
Long-term oxygen therapy (in severe hypoxemia), vaccination

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Göğüs Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Göğüs Hastalıkları Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.