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Asthma

A chronic lung disease characterized by narrowing and obstruction of the airways due to chronic inflammation.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Göğüs Hastalıkları department. Book Appointment →

What is Asthma?

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that develops as a result of narrowing caused by chronic inflammation of the airways. Inflammation swells the airway walls, increases mucus production, and causes smooth muscle contraction, restricting airflow.

Asthma attacks are triggered by specific factors: allergens (dust mites, pet dander, pollen), exercise, cold air, cigarette smoke, certain medications (aspirin, beta blockers) and viral infections. Between attacks, the patient can return completely to normal.

Asthma is the most common chronic illness of childhood and is also prevalent in adults. With well-controlled asthma, patients can continue normal life activities.

Symptoms

Wheezing (whistling sound) breathing
Shortness of breath — with effort or spontaneously
Feeling of tightness or pressure in the chest
Coughing especially at night and early morning
Sudden symptom worsening upon exposure to a trigger
Breathing difficulty aggravated by exercise
Severe shortness of breath that prevents speaking (severe attack)

Risk Factors

Family history of asthma or atopy
Personal history of allergy or eczema
Recurrent wheezing episodes in childhood
Exposure to cigarette smoke (active or passive)
Air pollution and occupational sensitizer exposure
Obesity
Prematurity and low birth weight

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If shortness of breath does not resolve despite inhaler use, go to the emergency department
  • If lips or fingertips turn blue, call emergency services
  • For recurrent attacks that restrict daily activities
  • When asthma is first diagnosed, to learn inhaler technique
  • If you experience frequent attacks despite controller medications

Treatment Methods

01
Short-acting bronchodilators (salbutamol — during an attack)
02
Inhaled corticosteroids (long-term control — the cornerstone medication)
03
Long-acting beta-2 agonists (add-on therapy in moderate-to-severe asthma)
04
Leukotriene antagonists (montelukast — as add-on or alternative)
05
Biologic therapies (omalizumab, dupilumab — in severe allergic asthma)
06
Trigger avoidance and a personalized asthma action plan

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Göğüs Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Göğüs Hastalıkları Department

Let us help you

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.