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Pulmonary Embolism

A life-threatening emergency in which a clot blocks the pulmonary vessels and disrupts pulmonary circulation.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Göğüs Hastalıkları department. Book Appointment →

What is Pulmonary Embolism?

Pulmonary embolism (PE) most often occurs when a blood clot from the deep veins of the legs blocks the pulmonary arteries. Blood flow stops in the obstructed lung region, which can no longer participate in gas exchange.

Pulmonary embolism is the third most common cardiovascular emergency after heart attack and stroke. Sudden cardiac arrest can occur in massive PE. CT pulmonary angiography and echocardiography are important for diagnosis.

Early initiation of anticoagulation dramatically reduces mortality; thrombolytic therapy or surgical embolectomy may be required in massive PE.

Symptoms

Sudden onset of shortness of breath (most common symptom)
Pleuritic chest pain (worsened by deep inspiration)
Rapid heartbeat and low blood pressure
Coughing up blood
Dizziness or fainting
Leg swelling or pain (accompanying DVT)
Cyanosis (bluish lips)

Risk Factors

History of deep vein thrombosis
Prolonged immobility or surgery
Cancer and chemotherapy
Pregnancy and the postpartum period
Use of oral contraceptives
Hereditary thrombophilia
Obesity and smoking

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Call emergency services immediately for sudden shortness of breath and chest pain
  • Go to the emergency department without delay
  • Shortness of breath in someone with known DVT
  • If fainting or altered consciousness develops
  • To determine the duration of anticoagulation following a PE history

Treatment Methods

01
Anticoagulant therapy (NOAC, LMWH, or warfarin) — first line
02
Thrombolytic therapy (in massive PE and hemodynamic instability)
03
Catheter-directed thrombectomy or surgical embolectomy (in selected cases)
04
Oxygen support and hemodynamic stabilization
05
IVC filter (if anticoagulation is contraindicated)
06
Long-term anticoagulation and thrombophilia screening

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Göğüs Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Göğüs Hastalıkları Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.