A screening test in which abnormal cell changes are detected from a cell sample taken from the cervix. It enables the early detection of HPV-related lesions.
Indication
- Routine screening in sexually active women (generally age 21 and over)
- Screening every 3 years for women aged 21-29
- Screening every 5 years together with HPV (co-test) for women aged 30-65
- Evaluation of abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge complaints
- Follow-up in women with previous abnormal Pap results
- Monitoring in cases of HPV positivity or immunosuppression
Preparation
- Avoiding vaginal douching, creams, or tampons within 24-48 hours before the test
- Avoiding sexual intercourse for 24 hours before the procedure
- Performing the test outside the menstrual period (preferably 5-7 days after the end of menstruation)
- Scheduling the appointment after completing treatment if there is a vaginal infection
How it's performed
- The patient is placed on the gynecological examination table in the appropriate position
- A speculum is inserted into the vagina to make the cervix visible
- A cell sample is taken from the surface of the cervix using a special brush or spatula
- The collected sample is transferred into a liquid-based cytology container or onto a slide
- If needed, an additional sample for HPV testing may be taken in the same session (co-test)
- The procedure generally takes a few minutes and does not require any special return preparation
Post-procedure
- Results are generally available within 5-10 business days
- With normal results, routine screening continues at intervals determined by age and risk group
- For borderline changes such as ASC-US or LSIL, HPV testing or colposcopy may be planned per physician recommendation
- In HSIL or high-risk HPV positivity, colposcopy and biopsy evaluation are performed
- Immediate return to daily activities is possible
Risks
- Mild pressure or discomfort during the procedure
- Very mild spotting lasting a few hours after the test
- Possibility of test repetition due to inadequate sample
- Possibility of false-negative or false-positive results (which is why regular interval repetition is recommended)
FAQ
Is the Pap smear test painful?
The test is generally painless; mild pressure or brief discomfort may be felt while the speculum is inserted. The procedure is completed within a few minutes.
How often should a Pap smear be performed?
The general recommendation is screening every 3 years between ages 21-29, and every 5 years together with HPV testing (co-test) between ages 30-65. The frequency is determined by the physician based on risk status.
Does an abnormal Pap result mean cancer?
No. Most abnormal results are not cancer but cellular changes that require monitoring or further investigation. Depending on the type of result, HPV testing or colposcopy may be recommended.
If I have had the HPV vaccine, is a Pap smear still necessary?
Yes. Because the HPV vaccine does not cover all high-risk types, routine screening is continued at the recommended intervals even if you have been vaccinated.
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