A general term for gynecologic operations performed through small incisions in the abdomen using a camera and specialized instruments. It generally allows faster recovery than open surgery.
Indication
- Removal of ovarian cysts, endometriomas, and adnexal masses
- Myomectomy (uterus-sparing fibroid surgery) and laparoscopic hysterectomy in suitable cases
- Excision of endometriosis lesions, lysis of adhesions, and treatment of pelvic pain
- Surgery for ectopic pregnancy and diagnostic laparoscopy in infertility evaluation
- Selected laparoscopic or robotic repairs for pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence
- Staging and surgical treatment of early-stage gynecologic cancers in selected patients
- Selected sterilization procedures (tubal ligation)
Preparation
- Detailed pelvic examination, ultrasound, and MRI when needed for surgical planning
- Complete blood count, biochemistry, ECG, and anesthesia assessment
- Fasting for 6-8 hours before the procedure; bowel preparation may be planned for suspected endometriosis or adhesions
- Adjustment of blood thinners with physician approval; smoking cessation is recommended
- Counseling about reproductive plans, possible conversion to open surgery, and the risk-benefit balance
How it's performed
- After general anesthesia, 3-4 small incisions of 0.5-1 cm are made at the umbilicus and lower abdomen
- The abdominal cavity is insufflated with carbon dioxide gas, and the pelvis and abdomen are examined in detail with a laparoscope
- The target area is operated on using specialized scissors, cautery, sutures, and energy devices (e.g., cyst removal, myomectomy, hysterectomy)
- Robotic surgery, available in selected centers, follows the same principles using robotic arms for more precise movement
- Removed tissues are extracted using a specimen retrieval bag; in some cases, removal may be performed through the cervix
- The carbon dioxide is released, incisions are sutured, and the skin may be closed with adhesive or fine cosmetic sutures
Post-procedure
- Most procedures require 1-3 days of hospital stay; some diagnostic procedures allow same-day discharge
- Avoid heavy lifting, strenuous exercise, and sexual intercourse for the first 1-2 weeks
- Shoulder pain (caused by gas) may occur during the first few days and resolves gradually
- Full recovery within 2-6 weeks depending on the procedure; return to work and daily life is guided by physician recommendation
- Follow-up examination is scheduled to review pathology results and plan further treatment
Risks
- General surgical risks: infection, bleeding, thromboembolism, and anesthesia complications
- Injury to neighboring organs (bladder, bowel, ureter, major vessels) — rare
- Shoulder/diaphragm pain and transient bloating due to carbon dioxide gas
- Conversion to open surgery may be required because of unexpected findings, extensive adhesions, or technical reasons
- Very rarely, hernia at port sites or wound healing issues
FAQ
Is laparoscopic surgery safer than open surgery?
In appropriately selected patients, it usually offers advantages in bleeding, pain, and recovery time. However, safety depends on the surgeon's experience, the disease, and the individual situation; it is not suitable for every patient.
Is robotic surgery different from laparoscopy?
Robotic surgery is an extension of laparoscopy in which instruments are controlled more precisely via robotic arms. It may offer certain advantages in complex endometriosis, myomectomy, and oncologic surgery; suitability is assessed for each patient.
Will there be visible scars on the abdomen?
Usually 3-4 small scars of 0.5-1 cm remain and fade over time. Scar healing varies by skin type and individual characteristics.
Can laparoscopic surgery always be performed?
For very large masses, advanced adhesions, certain cancer cases, or patients with limited cardiopulmonary reserve, open surgery may be more appropriate. The decision is made on a case-by-case basis.
Related Information
Related Medical Services
Other services in the same specialty or with similar indications you may want to explore.
Gynecologic ultrasound
Obstetrics Services
Gynecologic ultrasound — imaging-based evaluation of the female reproductive organs.
Endometriosis Treatment
Obstetrics Services
Endometriosis treatment — combined medical and surgical planning for chronic pelvic pain and infertility.
Infertility Evaluation
Obstetrics Services
Infertility evaluation — investigation of the causes of infertility and the foundation of treatment planning.
Ectopic pregnancy treatment
Obstetrics Services
Ectopic pregnancy treatment — medical (methotrexate) and surgical (salpingostomy/salpingectomy) options for a pregnancy implanted outside the uterus.
Ovarian Cyst Surgery
Obstetrics Services
Ovarian cyst surgery (cystectomy) — laparoscopic or open removal of ovarian cysts.
Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation
Obstetrics Services
Pelvic floor rehabilitation — an evidence-based muscle training program for urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.
Hysterectomy
Obstetrics Services
Hysterectomy — surgical removal of the uterus, performed for medical reasons.
Myomectomy
Obstetrics Services
Myomectomy (fibroid surgery) — uterus-sparing removal of benign fibroids in the uterine wall.