An imaging method that examines the uterus, ovaries and surrounding tissues with sound waves. It provides a painless, radiation-free assessment.
Indication
- Evaluation of abnormal menstrual irregularities or intermenstrual bleeding
- Investigation of the cause of pelvic pain
- Follow-up of ovarian cysts and uterine fibroids
- Measurement of the endometrium (uterine lining) thickness
- Infertility evaluation and follicle monitoring
- Further evaluation of a pelvic mass
- Assessment of the endometrium in postmenopausal bleeding
Preparation
- For transabdominal evaluation, a full bladder is required (drink approximately 500-700 ml of water about 1 hour beforehand)
- For transvaginal evaluation, the bladder should be empty
- It can also be performed during menstruation; when needed, the physician may prefer a specific day of the menstrual cycle
- Fasting is not required
How it's performed
- In the transabdominal approach, ultrasound gel is applied to the abdomen and external imaging is performed with the probe
- In the transvaginal approach, a thin probe with a sterile cover is placed in the vagina to obtain detailed imaging
- The uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes and surrounding tissues are evaluated in different planes
- Endometrial thickness, follicle count and the presence of cysts or masses are assessed
- Color Doppler is used to evaluate blood flow when needed
- The procedure is generally painless and is completed in a few minutes
Post-procedure
- Results are usually interpreted by the physician during or shortly after the procedure
- Depending on findings, treatment, follow-up or further evaluation (MRI, biopsy, etc.) may be recommended
- An immediate return to daily activities is possible after the procedure
- Repeat examinations are scheduled at intervals determined by the physician
Risks
- There is no known significant risk; ionizing radiation is not used
- Brief mild discomfort may be felt during the transvaginal examination
- Conditions such as bowel gas or obesity may limit image quality
- When a full bladder is required, a mild urge to urinate may occur
FAQ
Is the examination performed transabdominally or transvaginally?
Initial evaluation is generally performed transabdominally. When more detailed imaging is required, or in sexually active women, the transvaginal approach is preferred. The method is chosen by the physician based on the clinical situation.
Is gynecologic ultrasound performed in unmarried women?
Yes. In women who have not been sexually active, the transabdominal route or, when needed, a transrectal approach is preferred instead of the transvaginal route.
Is ultrasound harmful?
Gynecologic ultrasound uses sound waves and does not involve ionizing radiation. No known harm has been reported with diagnostic use.
Can ultrasound be performed during menstruation?
Yes, it can be performed. For some evaluations (such as follicle counting), the physician may prefer a specific day of the menstrual cycle.
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