Direct administration of hyaluronic acid or medications into joints such as the knee, hip, or shoulder to reduce pain and improve mobility.
Indication
- Pain and stiffness from moderate-stage knee osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)
- Joint pain that does not respond adequately to conservative treatment
- Selected cases of shoulder and hip osteoarthritis
- Patients seeking to delay surgery or who are not candidates for surgical treatment
- Supportive therapy in chronic bursitis or certain inflammatory joint diseases
Preparation
- Evaluation to rule out other causes of joint pain (infection, crystal-induced arthritis)
- Confirmation that there is no active joint infection
- Inform the physician if you are taking blood thinners
- Assessment that the area is free of skin wounds or infection at the injection site
How it's performed
- The patient is placed in a comfortable position
- The skin is cleaned with an antiseptic solution
- Local anesthesia is applied if needed
- Ultrasound guidance is used in some joints to reach the correct location precisely
- Hyaluronic acid or another medication selected by the physician is injected into the joint
- After the needle is removed, a sterile dressing is applied
Post-procedure
- Avoid heavy loading and prolonged standing during the first 24-48 hours
- Be aware that pain may temporarily increase during the first few days
- Some protocols use 1-3 weekly sessions
- Effects are usually evaluated within 2-6 weeks and may last 4-6 months
- Weight management, physical therapy, and exercise are recommended for added benefit
Risks
- Temporary pain, swelling, and warmth at the injection site
- Bleeding or hematoma within the joint (rare)
- Joint infection (very rare but serious)
- Allergic reaction
- Lack of expected benefit (response varies between individuals)
FAQ
Is intra-articular injection painful?
There may be brief discomfort during needle insertion. Local anesthesia helps reduce this sensation. The procedure usually takes only a few minutes.
How long does the effect of hyaluronic acid last?
The effect varies between individuals; it generally lasts 4-6 months. In some patients, an annual series of injections may be recommended.
Does this injection cure osteoarthritis?
No. Intra-articular injection does not reverse osteoarthritis; it is supportive therapy aimed at reducing pain and improving joint movement. Accompanying exercise and weight management remain important.
When can I return to sports after the injection?
Light walking is usually possible the same day. For strenuous sports and prolonged standing, waiting 24-48 hours is generally advised.
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