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ESWT (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy)

ESWT — extracorporeal shock wave therapy applied for musculoskeletal conditions.

A non-surgical medical treatment performed using high-energy sound waves for conditions such as heel spur, plantar fasciitis, and calcific tendinitis.

Indication

  • Plantar fasciitis and heel spur (calcaneal spur)
  • Calcific shoulder tendinitis (rotator cuff calcification)
  • Lateral and medial epicondylitis (tennis/golfer's elbow)
  • Achilles tendinopathy
  • Patellar tendinopathy (jumper's knee)
  • Trochanteric bursitis and certain chronic pain at tendon attachment sites
  • Chronic myofascial trigger point syndromes unresponsive to conservative therapy

Preparation

  • Examination by a physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist and imaging (ultrasound, MRI) evaluation
  • Avoiding NSAIDs (anti-inflammatory pain relievers) for 24 hours before the procedure is recommended
  • The treatment area should be clean and free of lotion
  • Consultation with the physician if blood thinners are being used

How it's performed

  1. The patient is placed in the treatment position and the painful area is identified
  2. Conductive gel is applied to the treatment area
  3. The device head is placed in contact with the skin and focused shock waves are delivered
  4. A session lasts 15-20 minutes; 2000-3000 pulses are applied
  5. Generally one session per week, for a total of 3-5 sessions
  6. Anesthesia is not required; transient mild discomfort is normal

Post-procedure

  • Avoid heavy activity for 24-48 hours after the procedure
  • Full effect typically becomes apparent within 6-12 weeks
  • Supported with stretching and exercise programs
  • Follow-up examinations are planned at 1, 3, and 6 months

Risks

  • Transient pain, redness, or tenderness at the treatment area
  • Superficial age-related minor petechiae or hematoma (rare)
  • Not applied in the presence of osteoporosis, pregnancy, or pacemaker
  • Contraindicated in acute infection, malignancy, coagulopathy, and in children with open growth plates
  • A 6-week wait is required if a steroid injection has been given to the area

FAQ

Is ESWT painful?

Mild to moderate discomfort may be felt. Intensity is adjusted to the patient's tolerance; most patients tolerate it well.

How many sessions are needed?

Generally 3-5 sessions, applied once per week, are sufficient. Full response is seen within 6-12 weeks.

Is there immediate relief?

There may be brief relief after the first session; lasting improvement occurs over weeks as the tissue regenerates.

Does it replace surgery?

It is a high-evidence treatment recommended to be tried before surgery in many chronic tendon disorders; outcomes vary by patient.