Dermatologic Laser Treatment

A medical laser treatment planned by a physician in which light energy of a specific wavelength targets a skin lesion, vascular structure, or pigment.

Indication

• Vascular lesions: port-wine stain, hemangioma, telangiectasia (capillary dilation)
• Pigmented lesions: brown age spots (lentigo), café-au-lait spots, Becker nevus (in suitable cases)
• Tattoo removal (with medical indication)
• Premalignant/malignant skin lesions such as actinic keratosis and superficial basal cell carcinoma (in suitable cases)
• Treatment of acne scars and atrophic scars
• Rosacea, persistent facial redness (erythema)
• Adjuvant treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids
• Onychomycosis (nail fungus) — with appropriate device and protocol

Preparation

• Avoiding sun exposure and tanning products for 2-4 weeks before treatment is important; the risk of side effects increases on tanned skin
• Skin type (Fitzpatrick I-VI) and color status are evaluated by the physician; the appropriate device and energy setting are determined accordingly
• Use of retinoid-containing creams in the treated area may be discontinued before the procedure with physician advice
• In patients using isotretinoin (acne medication), waiting 6 months after treatment is recommended (risk of impaired wound healing)
• Prophylactic antiviral medication may be prescribed in patients with a history of active herpes (cold sores)
• Patients using photosensitizing medications (some antibiotics, diuretics) should report this to the physician before the procedure

How it's performed

1. The area to be treated is cleansed; topical anesthetic cream (such as EMLA) may be applied beforehand if needed
2. Laser-appropriate protective eyewear is worn by both the patient and the operator
3. The wavelength, pulse duration, and energy level of the laser device are adjusted according to the lesion type and skin type
4. A test pulse is delivered to assess the skin response; if appropriate, the entire area is then treated
5. During the procedure, sensations of stinging, warmth, or a rubber-band snap may occur
6. After the procedure, a cooling gel or ice compress is applied; topical antibiotic cream may be recommended if needed

Post-procedure

• Mild redness, edema, and tenderness are expected for the first 24-72 hours; cold compresses help
• Depending on the type of treatment, 3-6 sessions may be planned at 4-8 week intervals
• Use of high-SPF (50+) sunscreen for at least 3-6 months during and after treatment is required
• If a crust forms, it should not be removed forcibly and should be allowed to fall off on its own
• Results are evaluated with realistic expectations; the full response varies by individual and lesion
• A follow-up examination after treatment monitors side effects and response

Risks

• Transient redness, edema, tenderness, and a mild burning sensation
• Blistering (bullae), crusting, and rarely superficial burns
• Hyperpigmentation (dark patches) — particularly significant in Fitzpatrick IV-VI skin types
• Hypopigmentation (lightening of color) — may be permanent
• Hypertrophic scar or keloid formation (in those with genetic predisposition)
• Triggering of an active herpes infection (may require prophylaxis)
• Special protection is required for procedures near the eye area; eye injury is a serious risk
• Risk of side effects increases significantly on tanned skin

FAQ

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