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Current Treatment Approaches for Type 2 Diabetes

Chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is Current Treatment Approaches for Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and progressive beta-cell dysfunction. It affects approximately 500 million people worldwide and its frequency is increasing. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors (obesity, inactivity) play a role together.

Current treatment approach emphasizes patient-centered and cardiorenal risk-profile individualized therapy. According to ADA/EASD consensus, GLP-1 RA or SGLT2 inhibitor should be preferred independently of metformin in patients with high ASCVD risk.

The HbA1c target is generally <7% but is individualized based on patient profile. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has increasing importance in treatment management; a time-in-range (TIR) ≥70% is targeted.

Symptoms

Polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue and blurred vision
Recurrent infections (urinary tract, fungal)
Delayed wound healing
May be asymptomatic in early stages

Risk Factors

Obesity and central adiposity
First-degree relative with type 2 diabetes
History of gestational diabetes
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Sedentary lifestyle
Prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥6.5% is detected
  • If polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss develop
  • Screening should be done if risk factors are present
  • If complication findings develop in known diabetes

Treatment Methods

01
Metformin (first-line — unless contraindicated)
02
GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide)
03
SGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin)
04
DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, linagliptin)
05
Insulin therapy (when target is not achieved with oral agents)
06
Lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, weight management)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Endokrinoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.