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Thyroid Nodule Evaluation

Systematic evaluation of nodules detected in the thyroid gland.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is Thyroid Nodule Evaluation?

Thyroid nodules are solid or cystic structures developing in the thyroid gland. They are detected on ultrasound in 50-60% of women and 20-30% of men. Clinically palpable nodules occur in 4-7% of cases. 5-15% of nodules are malignant.

Initial evaluation involves TSH measurement and thyroid ultrasound. According to the TIRADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) classification, the indication for fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is determined by combined assessment of nodule size and ultrasound features.

FNAB results are reported according to the Bethesda classification: Bethesda I (insufficient), II (benign), III (atypia of undetermined significance), IV (follicular neoplasm), V (suspicious for malignancy), VI (malignant). Molecular tests can aid decision-making in Bethesda III-IV cases.

Symptoms

Mostly asymptomatic (incidentally detected)
Palpable swelling in the neck
Difficulty swallowing or pressure sensation (in large nodules)
Hoarseness (with nerve compression)
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism (in toxic nodule)

Risk Factors

Female sex
Living in iodine-deficient areas
Radiation exposure (especially in childhood)
Family history of thyroid cancer
Older age

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If a palpable mass is noticed in the neck
  • If a nodule is detected on ultrasound
  • If hoarseness or difficulty swallowing develops
  • If a rapidly growing nodule is present

Treatment Methods

01
Decision for FNAB based on TIRADS scoring
02
Regular ultrasound follow-up in benign nodules
03
Surgery (thyroidectomy) for malignant or suspicious nodules
04
Radioactive iodine or surgery for toxic nodule
05
Molecular tests (in Bethesda III-IV cases)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Endokrinoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.