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Tetralogy of Fallot

A cyanotic congenital heart disease with four anatomic components occurring together.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Published:

This content is for general information; please consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment.

References (5)

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What is Tetralogy of Fallot?

Tetralogy of Fallot arises during embryonic development from abnormal development of the conotruncal septum. It has four core features: pulmonary stenosis, a large VSD, overriding aorta (dextroposition), and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract allows deoxygenated blood to pass through the VSD into the aorta, producing systemic cyanosis. In infants, dynamic episodes called 'tet spells' are triggered by crying or feeding.

Today, most children undergo corrective surgery within the first year of life. Postoperative quality of life is high; however, long-term follow-up is important for pulmonary regurgitation, arrhythmias, and right ventricular dysfunction.

Symptoms

Cyanosis in the newborn and infancy
Cyanosis and fatigue during feeding
Relief with squatting position
Digital clubbing
Growth and developmental delay
Systolic murmur and accentuated second heart sound
Tet (hypercyanotic) spells

Risk Factors

DiGeorge syndrome (22q11 deletion)
Family history of congenital heart disease
Alcohol use in pregnancy
Diabetes in pregnancy
Rubella in pregnancy
Advanced maternal age
Certain antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When cyanosis is noted in the newborn
  • Go to the emergency department for suspected tet spells
  • New palpitations or syncope in postoperative patients
  • Pregnancy planning in repaired Fallot patients

Treatment Methods

01
Oxygen, knee-chest position, morphine, and beta-blocker for tet spells
02
Surgery: VSD closure and right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction
03
Prostaglandin E1 infusion in duct-dependent newborns
04
Pulmonary valve replacement (late postoperative indication)
05
Arrhythmia management and ICD implantation when indicated
06
Lifelong cardiology follow-up and endocarditis prophylaxis

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kardiyoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.