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Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)

Damage to a portion of the heart muscle caused by sudden blockage of a coronary artery.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Published:

This content is for general information; please consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kardiyoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)?

A myocardial infarction (heart attack) occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque in a coronary artery ruptures and a clot forms over it, suddenly blocking blood flow and cutting off the blood supply to part of the heart muscle. Deprived of oxygen, the affected heart muscle cells begin to die within minutes.

Every minute that passes means more heart muscle is lost. For this reason, the 'time equals muscle' principle guides care: reaching a hospital as quickly as possible and reopening the blocked artery (reperfusion therapy) is essential.

Even when a heart attack is treated, permanent damage to the heart muscle may remain. Lifestyle changes and regular medication are critical to prevent a second event.

Symptoms

Pressure, tightness, or burning in the center of the chest (lasting longer than 15 minutes)
Pain radiating to the left arm, jaw, neck, or back
Cold sweats and pallor
Nausea and vomiting
Severe shortness of breath
Fainting or loss of consciousness
A sense of impending doom

Risk Factors

Prior diagnosis of coronary artery disease
Smoking and diabetes
Uncontrolled hypertension and high cholesterol
Obesity and physical inactivity
Male sex over 45 (risk increases in women after menopause)
Family history of early heart attack
Chronic stress and depression

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If you have chest pain, call emergency services immediately — do not drive yourself
  • If symptoms last more than 5 minutes, seek emergency help
  • If you are short of breath and breaking out in cold sweat
  • If pain radiates to the arm or jaw, do not delay

Treatment Methods

01
Emergency angioplasty (PTCA) and stent placement — the first-line treatment
02
Thrombolytic (clot-busting) therapy when angioplasty is not available
03
Aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitors, and anticoagulant medications
04
Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and statins (long-term protection)
05
Cardiac rehabilitation program
06
Lifestyle changes and control of risk factors

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kardiyoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Related Health Topics

Other articles from the same department you may want to explore.

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

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Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure readings remain above 140/90 mmHg; early treatment helps prevent serious complications.

Coronary Artery Disease

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Narrowing of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis can cause chest pain (angina) and heart attack.

Heart Failure

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Heart failure is a chronic cardiac condition characterized by shortness of breath, leg swelling, and fatigue.

Atrial Fibrillation

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Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia characterized by an irregular heartbeat and increased risk of stroke.

Heart Palpitations

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Palpitations are usually due to benign causes, but underlying cardiac rhythm disorders must be ruled out.

Heart Valve Diseases

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Valve stenosis or regurgitation increases the workload of the heart and, over time, can lead to heart failure.

Aortic Aneurysm

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Aortic aneurysms are often silent; early diagnosis allows treatment before rupture (a life-threatening tear).

Peripheral Artery Disease

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Peripheral artery disease can cause leg pain with walking (claudication) and, in advanced stages, tissue loss.

Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.