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Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Hypercalcemia caused by excessive PTH secretion from the parathyroid glands.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is Primary Hyperparathyroidism?

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disease in which the parathyroid glands autonomously secrete excess parathyroid hormone (PTH), causing hypercalcemia. A single parathyroid adenoma is responsible in 80-85% of cases, four-gland hyperplasia in 10-15%, and parathyroid carcinoma in 1-2%.

Hypercalcemia affects the kidneys (nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis), bones (osteoporosis, osteitis fibrosa cystica), gastrointestinal system (constipation, pancreatitis), and neuropsychiatric system (depression, confusion).

Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common presentation. If surgical criteria are met (serum calcium >1 mg/dL above the upper limit, T-score <-2.5, GFR <60, kidney stones, age <50), parathyroidectomy is curative.

Symptoms

May be asymptomatic (incidentally detected hypercalcemia)
Recurrent kidney stones
Bone pain and osteoporosis
Constipation and abdominal pain
Fatigue and depression
Polyuria and polydipsia

Risk Factors

Female sex and postmenopausal status
MEN 1 and MEN 2A syndromes
History of neck radiation exposure
Lithium use
Vitamin D deficiency

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If a blood test reveals high calcium
  • If kidney stones recur
  • If unexplained osteoporosis develops
  • If fatigue, depression, and constipation occur together

Treatment Methods

01
Parathyroidectomy (when surgical indications are met — curative)
02
Cinacalcet (calcium-lowering agent in inoperable cases)
03
Adequate hydration and avoidance of medications that raise calcium
04
Maintaining vitamin D and calcium balance for bone health
05
Regular follow-up of asymptomatic patients (annual calcium and bone density)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Endokrinoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Let us help you

You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.