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Long QT Syndrome

A prolonged QT interval on the ECG is a genetic rhythm disorder that raises the risk of torsades de pointes and sudden death.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Published:

This content is for general information; please consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kardiyoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Long QT Syndrome?

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a genetic ion-channel disorder characterized by a longer-than-normal QT interval on the ECG, which reflects prolongation of the electrical repolarization of the cardiac cells.

During this prolonged repolarization phase, a specific form of ventricular tachycardia called 'torsades de pointes' can develop; this rhythm may degenerate into ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. Congenital LQTS is subdivided into types LQT1–LQT15.

Beyond idiopathic QT prolongation, certain medications (antiarrhythmics, antibiotics, antipsychotics) can also prolong the QT interval and create the same risk; this is known as acquired LQTS.

Symptoms

Fainting, typically with exercise or a sudden loud noise
Episodes of palpitations
Seizure-like movements (sometimes misdiagnosed as epilepsy)
Sudden cardiac arrest (in severe cases)
Often asymptomatic (detected incidentally on ECG)
Family history of early sudden death

Risk Factors

KCNQ1, KCNH2, or SCN5A gene mutations
Female sex (symptoms are more frequent in women)
Electrolyte disturbances (hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia)
Use of QT-prolonging medications
Bradycardia and heart block

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • For cardiology/electrophysiology evaluation when a long QT is found on ECG
  • Go to the emergency department for fainting triggered by exertion or a loud sound
  • Genetic screening when there is a family history of LQTS or unexplained sudden death
  • Check for QT-prolonging effects before starting a new medication

Treatment Methods

01
Beta-blockers (foundational therapy in symptomatic LQT1 and LQT2)
02
Strict avoidance of QT-prolonging medications
03
ICD implantation (in high-risk or beta-blocker–refractory cases)
04
Sodium-channel blockers (in selected LQT3 cases)
05
Genetic counseling and screening of family members

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kardiyoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.