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Insulin Resistance Assessment

Clinical significance of reduced cellular response to insulin.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is Insulin Resistance Assessment?

Insulin resistance is the inability of target tissues (muscle, liver, adipose tissue) to respond normally to physiological insulin levels. The pancreas compensatorily produces more insulin (hyperinsulinemia). When beta-cell capacity is exceeded, hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes develop.

HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment) is the most commonly used insulin resistance indicator in clinical practice. It is calculated from fasting insulin and glucose values. HOMA-IR >2.5 suggests insulin resistance.

Insulin resistance constitutes the common pathophysiological basis of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, PCOS, NAFLD and cardiovascular disease. Weight loss (5-10%) and regular exercise most effectively increase insulin sensitivity.

Symptoms

Acanthosis nigricans (dark velvety skin on the neck, under the arms)
Central obesity (fat accumulation around the waist)
Borderline elevation of fasting blood glucose
High triglycerides and low HDL
Hypertension
Skin tags

Risk Factors

Obesity (especially central obesity)
Sedentary lifestyle
Family history of type 2 diabetes
PCOS
Ethnic predisposition
Sleep apnea

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If acanthosis nigricans is noticed
  • If waist circumference measurements are high
  • If elevated fasting blood glucose or triglycerides are detected
  • Screening should be done if there is a family history of diabetes

Treatment Methods

01
Weight loss (5-10% — the most effective intervention)
02
Regular physical activity (≥150 minutes per week)
03
Mediterranean diet or low-glycemic index nutrition
04
Metformin (in prediabetes, with individual assessment)
05
Insulin resistance-targeted therapy in PCOS (metformin, inositol)
06
Sleep apnea treatment (CPAP)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Endokrinoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.