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Hypothalamic Obesity

Uncontrollable weight gain syndrome due to hypothalamic damage.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Internal Medicine department. Book Appointment →

What is Hypothalamic Obesity?

Hypothalamic obesity is an iatrogenic or acquired form of obesity resulting from damage to energy balance regulatory centers in the hypothalamus (especially the ventromedial hypothalamus and arcuate nucleus).

It most often occurs after craniopharyngioma surgery/radiotherapy. Other causes include hypothalamic glioma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, sarcoidosis, trauma, and infiltrative diseases.

Pathogenesis involves disruption of melanocortin signaling, increased vagal tone (hyperinsulinemia), reduced energy expenditure, and leptin resistance as core mechanisms.

Symptoms

Rapid and uncontrollable weight gain (after surgery/radiotherapy)
Hyperphagia (excessive appetite and loss of satiety)
Decreased physical activity and energy
Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia
Autonomic dysfunction signs

Risk Factors

Craniopharyngioma surgery (most common cause)
Hypothalamic region radiotherapy
Hypothalamic tumors
Hypothalamic infiltrative diseases
Hypothalamic damage during surgery

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • If rapid uncontrolled weight gain begins after brain surgery
  • If obesity develops in hypothalamic region disease
  • If insulin resistance signs appear
  • If weight gain continues despite diet and exercise

Treatment Methods

01
Octreotide (suppression of hyperinsulinemia)
02
GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, semaglutide — limited data)
03
Dextroamphetamine or methylphenidate (increase energy expenditure, limited evidence)
04
Metabolic-bariatric surgery (gastric sleeve or bypass — selected cases)
05
Optimization of hormone replacement therapy
06
Multidisciplinary approach (endocrine, nutrition, psychiatry)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Endokrinoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.