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Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Enlargement of the heart with reduced pumping strength leads to shortness of breath and heart failure.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Published:

This content is for general information; please consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kardiyoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Dilated Cardiomyopathy?

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common form of cardiomyopathy, characterized by enlargement of the left ventricle (or both ventricles) and impaired systolic function. The ejection fraction is typically below 40%.

Causes include genetic factors (familial DCM), viral myocarditis, chronic alcohol use, pregnancy (peripartum cardiomyopathy), autoimmune diseases, and some chemotherapy drugs (particularly anthracyclines).

The clinical picture features heart failure, arrhythmias, and thromboembolic events. With early diagnosis and evidence-based heart failure therapy, left ventricular function can improve partially or fully.

Symptoms

Shortness of breath with exertion and at rest
Fatigue and exercise intolerance
Leg swelling and abdominal distension
Palpitations and irregular rhythm
Sleep disturbance (orthopnea)
Syncope or near-syncope

Risk Factors

Family history of dilated cardiomyopathy
Chronic heavy alcohol use
Prior viral myocarditis
Anthracycline chemotherapy
Pregnancy (peripartum cardiomyopathy)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • For progressively worsening shortness of breath or leg swelling
  • Screening if there is a family history of DCM or early heart failure
  • Regular echocardiographic surveillance in patients receiving chemotherapy
  • Urgent evaluation if arrhythmias or syncope accompany symptoms

Treatment Methods

01
ACE inhibitor/ARB, beta-blocker, mineralocorticoid antagonist, and SGLT2 inhibitor
02
Diuretics for fluid management
03
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and ICD
04
Treatment of underlying cause (alcohol cessation, autoimmune therapy)
05
Heart transplantation (in advanced disease refractory to all therapies)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kardiyoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.