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Cardiac Syndrome X

A clinical syndrome characterized by typical anginal pain, a positive stress test and normal coronary angiography.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Published:

This content is for general information; please consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Kardiyoloji department. Book Appointment →

What is Cardiac Syndrome X?

Cardiac Syndrome X is defined by anginal chest pain at rest or with exertion, a positive stress test and angiographically normal coronary arteries. Microvascular dysfunction, endothelial impairment and altered pain perception contribute to the pathophysiology.

It is more common in postmenopausal women and may account for a significant proportion of anginal complaints in female patients. The prognosis is generally favorable, but quality of life is markedly reduced and hospital admissions are common.

Treatment combines anti-ischemic drugs, risk factor modification and pain modulation. Psychosocial support plays an important role.

Symptoms

Recurrent anginal chest pain
Symptoms worsening with exertion
Variable response to nitrates
Fatigue and palpitations
Dyspnea
Anxiety and depression
Reduced quality of life

Risk Factors

Female sex
Menopause and estrogen deficiency
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Hypercholesterolemia
Smoking
Coexisting psychiatric disorders

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Longstanding chest pain
  • Persistent pain after coronary angiography
  • New-onset arrhythmia or syncope
  • Marked decline in quality of life

Treatment Methods

01
Beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers
02
Ranolazine and nicorandil
03
Statin therapy
04
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
05
Cardiac rehabilitation
06
Assessment for hormone replacement therapy where appropriate

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Kardiyoloji department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

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You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.