High-resolution ultrasound evaluation of the thyroid gland structure, nodules, and cervical lymph nodes. It is the primary imaging method for thyroid disorders.
Indication
- Palpable swelling or nodule in the neck
- Structural assessment in patients with abnormal TSH, T3, or T4 on blood tests
- Follow-up of known thyroid nodules according to the TI-RADS classification
- Structural evaluation of autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto's and Graves' disease
- Pre-operative planning and post-operative follow-up of thyroid surgery
- Guidance for fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)
- Evaluation of cervical lymph node enlargement
Preparation
- No special preparation is required
- The patient may be fasting or after a meal
- Wearing clothing that exposes the neck area is convenient
- Necklaces, earrings, and similar jewelry on the neck are removed
How it's performed
- The patient is placed supine with a thin pillow under the neck so the head tilts slightly backward
- Water-based gel is applied to the neck
- The probe scans the thyroid gland in transverse and longitudinal sections
- Detected nodules are measured for size, structure, margin, and vascularity
- Cervical lymph nodes are evaluated when needed
- The procedure is painless and takes approximately 10-20 minutes in total
Post-procedure
- There are no restrictions after the procedure; daily life can resume immediately
- Results are usually available to the physician on the same day
- Follow-up or fine-needle biopsy may be planned according to the TI-RADS classification
- The physician evaluates the findings together with blood tests
Risks
- Ultrasound does not contain ionizing radiation and has no known biological risk
- It can be used safely in pregnant women and children
- Diagnostic accuracy depends on equipment quality and operator experience
- Some small or deep nodules may require additional imaging for clarification
FAQ
What is TI-RADS and why is it important?
TI-RADS is an international system that classifies thyroid nodules from 1 to 5 according to imaging features and the risk of malignancy. It helps decide which nodules need follow-up and which require biopsy.
Is every nodule cancerous?
No. The vast majority of thyroid nodules are benign. Suspicious features are evaluated on ultrasound, and a definitive diagnosis is established with fine-needle biopsy when needed.
Is the ultrasound painful?
No. Apart from the sensation of probe contact and the coolness of the gel, there is no discomfort.
Is thyroid ultrasound safe during pregnancy?
Yes. Ultrasound is a radiation-free imaging method that can be used safely in all age groups, including during pregnancy.
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