An advanced imaging method that produces cross-sectional images of body regions using a magnetic field and radio waves, without ionizing radiation. Soft tissue detail is high.
Indication
- Brain and spinal cord disorders (stroke, multiple sclerosis, tumors, suspected disc herniation)
- Evaluation of lumbar, cervical and thoracic disc herniation and other spinal problems
- Cartilage, meniscus, ligament and tendon injuries of joints such as knee, shoulder and hip
- Detailed examination of intra-abdominal organs (liver, biliary tract, pancreas, kidneys, uterus, prostate)
- Structural and functional assessment of the heart and great vessels (cardiac MRI, MR angiography)
- Screening of high-risk cases or further evaluation of suspicious lesions in breast tissue
- Cross-sectional imaging in cancer diagnosis, staging and treatment response follow-up
Preparation
- It must be reported whether there is any metallic or electronic device in the body, such as a pacemaker, inner ear implant, brain aneurysm clip or insulin pump
- Information must be provided about previous surgeries, metal prostheses, screws, plates or shrapnel fragments in the body
- Depending on the examination, fasting for 4-6 hours may be requested (especially for abdominal MRI)
- If contrast material is planned, kidney function (creatinine/eGFR) and history of contrast allergy are checked
- All metal items on you (watch, jewelry, glasses, hairpins, bank cards, hearing aids) are not allowed in the scanner room
How it's performed
- The patient lies still on the table on their back; a special coil is placed on the area to be examined
- The table slides into the tunnel-shaped device; a notable knocking/noise is heard during the scan, headphones or earplugs are provided
- Breath-holding instructions may be given during the scan, especially important for abdominal and chest examinations
- If needed, gadolinium-based contrast material is administered intravenously; a sensation of warmth or taste may occur
- Depending on the examined region, the total scan takes 15-60 minutes; the patient must remain still throughout
- Images are reported in detail by a radiologist
Post-procedure
- There are no special restrictions after a standard MRI; daily life can resume immediately
- If contrast was given, drinking plenty of water is recommended to facilitate excretion
- Results are usually ready the same day or within 1-2 business days and shared with the requesting physician
- If sedation was needed due to claustrophobia, driving and discharge alone are not recommended
- Additional imaging, biopsy or consultation is planned when findings require it
Risks
- It does not contain ionizing radiation and is safe for most patients
- Claustrophobia (fear of closed spaces) may occur due to the closed tunnel; open MRI or mild sedation may be options
- MR-incompatible metallic/electronic implants in the body may cause heating or displacement risk; pre-screening is critical
- Gadolinium contrast may rarely cause allergic reactions; in advanced kidney failure, it is administered cautiously due to the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
- Scan noise and prolonged stillness can be challenging for children and those who have difficulty cooperating
FAQ
Can I have an MRI if I have a pacemaker or metal prosthesis?
Some modern pacemakers are produced as 'MR conditional', but evaluation based on the device's brand/model information before the scan is essential. Most dental fillings, orthopedic plates and titanium implants are MR compatible; pre-screening is still performed.
Is MRI painful or does it involve radiation?
MRI is a painless examination and does not involve X-rays or radiation. Only a strong magnetic field and radio waves are used. No discomfort is expected apart from lying still and the scanner noise.
I am pregnant, can I have an MRI?
MRI may be performed during pregnancy when necessary and no alternative is available; it is postponed if possible during the first three months. Gadolinium contrast is generally avoided during pregnancy unless there is a clear indication. The decision is made together with the requesting physician.
I have claustrophobia, what can I do?
For claustrophobic patients, wide-bore or open MRI scanners, mild sedation when needed, and music/headphone support can be offered. Allowing a companion in the scan room may also be possible.
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