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Pacemaker Implantation and Follow-up

Permanent cardiac pacemaker implantation and regular pacemaker check-ups — treatment for bradyarrhythmias.

The procedure in which a permanent pacemaker used for slow heart rhythm or conduction disorders is placed, and the follow-up program in which the device's programming, battery, and lead status are regularly monitored.

Indication

  • Symptomatic sinus node dysfunction (significant bradycardia, dizziness, syncope)
  • Advanced AV block (Mobitz type II and complete block) — DDD/VVI mode decision is based on the clinical picture
  • Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome
  • Permanent atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response
  • Cardiac syncope and treatment-resistant fainting episodes
  • Indication for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in some heart failure patients

Preparation

  • Pre-procedure ECG, blood tests, and chest X-ray
  • No food or drink for 6-8 hours before the procedure
  • Adjustment of blood thinners and antiplatelet medications with the physician
  • Reporting allergies and history of previous surgeries/implants
  • Cleaning of the area below the collarbone and IV access prior to the procedure

How it's performed

  1. The area below the collarbone is numbed with local anesthesia
  2. A subcutaneous pocket is created with a small incision
  3. Lead(s) are advanced into the right cardiac chambers via the subclavian or cephalic vein
  4. Leads are positioned appropriately under fluoroscopy (live X-ray) guidance
  5. Lead measurements are taken; the pacemaker device is placed into the pocket and programmed
  6. The skin is sutured, sterile dressing is applied; a follow-up X-ray is obtained

Post-procedure

  • Discharge within 24 hours after the procedure; restriction of shoulder movements during the first week
  • Dressing care, suture removal, and wound monitoring are planned
  • First pacemaker check-up after 4-6 weeks; subsequent check-ups generally every 6 months
  • Device programming, battery life, and lead threshold values are evaluated at each check-up
  • The cardiologist must be informed before MRI, strong magnetic fields, and certain medical devices

Risks

  • Hematoma in the pocket, infection (pocket infection)
  • Pneumothorax (air leakage into the pleural cavity, rare)
  • Lead displacement or fracture
  • Vascular injury, very rarely cardiac wall perforation
  • Device malfunction and need for battery replacement in the long term

FAQ

Is a permanent pacemaker implanted under general anesthesia?

No, it is mostly implanted under local anesthesia and, if needed, light sedation; the patient is awake throughout the procedure.

How long does the pacemaker battery last?

In modern devices, battery life is generally 7-12 years; the duration varies depending on device type and usage intensity.

Can I use mobile phones, microwave ovens, and similar devices?

Yes. Holding the phone to the ear opposite the pacemaker is a sufficient safety measure; everyday devices like microwave ovens generally do not pose a problem.

Can I undergo MRI?

If the device is MRI-compatible, scanning is possible under specific conditions; before scanning, evaluation must be done together with the cardiologist and radiologist.