A comprehensive internal medicine consultation that evaluates kidney function, proteinuria and the stage of chronic kidney disease using blood and urine tests.
Indication
- Annual kidney screening in patients with diabetes or hypertension
- Complaints of blood in the urine (hematuria) or foaming (proteinuria)
- Individuals with elevated creatinine or reduced eGFR
- Recurrent urinary tract infections and a history of kidney stones
- Unexplained edema, fatigue or difficulty in blood pressure control
- Family history of polycystic kidney disease or hereditary kidney disease
- Long-term use of painkillers, antibiotics or contrast agents
Preparation
- 8-10 hours of fasting before blood tests (for accurate eGFR and electrolytes)
- A list of medications, herbal products and food supplements being used
- Bringing the first morning urine sample or providing it at the laboratory
- If 24-hour urine is requested, applying the collection container and instructions correctly
How it's performed
- The physician evaluates blood pressure, edema, weight and risk factors for kidney disease
- Urea, creatinine, eGFR, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus levels are measured
- Complete urinalysis examines protein, blood, leukocytes and sediment
- When needed, a spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio or 24-hour urine is evaluated
- Ultrasonography of the kidneys and urinary tract investigates structural problems
- Risk staging is performed based on the findings and a treatment plan is created
Post-procedure
- Creatinine, eGFR and urine protein follow-up every 3-12 months according to risk level
- Keeping blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol within target ranges
- Dietitian guidance on salt restriction and adequate fluid intake
- Dose adjustment of medications that may affect kidney function
- Nephrology consultation in advanced-stage chronic kidney disease
Risks
- Temporary bruising or tenderness related to blood draw
- False positive or negative findings on urinalysis or imaging
- Temporary decline in kidney function (rare) if contrast-enhanced testing is needed
- If the disease is detected at an advanced stage, dialysis or transplantation may become necessary
FAQ
My eGFR is low; are my kidneys working enough?
eGFR alone does not establish a diagnosis; it is evaluated together with repeat measurements, urinalysis and imaging. Reductions detected at an early stage can be slowed with lifestyle changes.
I have diabetes; how often should my kidneys be checked?
In type 2 diabetes, kidney function and urinary protein should be checked at least once a year starting from the time of diagnosis; in type 1 diabetes, starting five years after diagnosis.
Does drinking plenty of water prevent kidney disease?
Adequate fluid intake supports overall health and protects against urinary tract infections, but excessive water intake alone does not prevent kidney disease.
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