Detailed thin-slice imaging of the lungs, pleura, mediastinum, and great vessels using computed tomography. It is a fundamental diagnostic tool in lung diseases.
Indication
- Detailed assessment of suspicious nodules or masses detected on chest X-ray
- CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) when pulmonary embolism is suspected
- Pneumonia that does not respond to treatment or is recurrent
- Chronic cough, hemoptysis (blood-tinged sputum), or unexplained shortness of breath
- Staging and follow-up of known lung cancer
- Interstitial lung diseases (high-resolution CT - HRCT)
- Assessment of lung contusion or pneumothorax after chest trauma
Preparation
- Fasting for 4-6 hours before the procedure if a contrast study is planned
- Bringing the most recent creatinine (kidney function) result
- Reporting any known iodine contrast allergy in advance
- Adjusting the diabetes medication metformin according to physician advice if it is being used
- Always informing staff if pregnancy is suspected
How it's performed
- The patient is placed supine with the arms raised above the head
- An IV line is placed if a contrast-enhanced scan is planned
- The patient must remain still and follow breath-hold instructions
- The scanner rotates rapidly and acquires all chest sections within seconds
- When contrast is administered, a transient sensation of warmth and a metallic taste may be felt
- Total scan duration is approximately 5-10 minutes
Post-procedure
- Daily activities can be resumed immediately after the procedure
- If contrast was given, drinking plenty of water that day is recommended
- Images are evaluated and reported by a radiologist
- If a lung nodule is detected, follow-up at defined intervals is planned
Risks
- CT involves ionizing radiation; chest CT corresponds to approximately 5-7 mSv (about two years of natural background radiation)
- Examinations are requested by weighing clinical benefit against risk whenever possible
- Allergic reactions to iodinated contrast media may rarely occur
- The risk of contrast-induced nephropathy is assessed in patients with kidney failure
- During pregnancy it is performed only when necessary and with special precautions
FAQ
What is the difference between chest CT and a chest X-ray?
CT provides three-dimensional images in thin slices and shows small nodules and vessels in much greater detail. X-ray is a quick general screening tool.
Is contrast medium always required?
It depends on the indication. Contrast is required for evaluating pulmonary embolism, vessels, or masses; in some lung protocols (HRCT, low-dose screening) contrast is not given.
What is low-dose chest CT screening?
It is a protocol used for lung cancer screening in high-risk smokers and uses a markedly lower dose than a standard CT.
How long does the scan take?
Including patient preparation, 10-15 minutes; the actual scan time is only a few seconds.
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