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Allergy test

Allergy test (ENT) — detection of sensitivity to inhalant allergens through skin prick testing.

Screening test performed by placing standard allergens on the forearm skin to identify allergens behind nasal congestion, sneezing, and seasonal complaints.

Indication

  • Suspected chronic rhinitis with sneezing, nasal discharge, and nasal congestion
  • Seasonally recurrent eye itching and watering (allergic conjunctivitis)
  • History of allergic asthma or wheezing
  • Nasal complaints accompanied by skin findings such as atopic dermatitis or chronic urticaria
  • Confirmation of suspected specific allergens such as house dust mite, pollen, mold, or pet dander
  • Identification of target allergens for patients planning immunotherapy (allergy shots)

Preparation

  • Antihistamines are discontinued 5-7 days before the test, with some long-acting medications stopped for longer periods
  • Use of systemic steroids is reported to the physician
  • Active skin infection, widespread eczema, or extensive rash will postpone the test day
  • The skin of the forearm or back to be tested should be clean and free of cream
  • Pregnancy and significant systemic disease history must be reported to the physician in advance

How it's performed

  1. The patient is seated, and the forearm or back skin is cleaned and marked
  2. Standard inhalant allergen drops (house dust mite, pollen mixes, mold, animal dander) are placed on the skin at specified intervals
  3. Positive (histamine) and negative (saline) control points are placed
  4. A fine lancet is used to make a superficial scratch over each drop; no needle injection or bleeding occurs
  5. After waiting 15-20 minutes, the diameter of the resulting wheal and the redness are evaluated
  6. Results are interpreted by comparing them with control points to determine allergen sensitivity

Post-procedure

  • Mild itching and redness lasting 1-2 hours may occur at the test site
  • Results are interpreted with clinical complaints to develop a treatment plan
  • For positive allergens, environmental control recommendations (dust mite measures, pollen calendar) are provided
  • Antihistamines, nasal steroids, or immunotherapy are recommended as needed
  • If complaints change or new allergen suspicion arises, the test may be repeated later

Risks

  • Itching, redness, and temporary swelling at the test site — expected response
  • Very rarely, generalized allergic reaction (anaphylaxis); the test should be performed in an equipped center
  • False-negative results if antihistamines are still being used
  • Inability to perform the test on areas with widespread skin disease

FAQ

Is the allergy test painful?

Only a superficial scratch is made on the skin; no needle is inserted. Most patients feel a brief mild stinging and itching.

I'm using antihistamines; will they affect the test?

Yes; antihistamines may suppress the test response and produce false-negative results. They should be discontinued for a specific period before the test under physician guidance.

If the test is positive, am I definitely allergic?

The test shows skin sensitivity; an allergy diagnosis is made when this is evaluated together with clinical complaints. Positivity alone, without symptoms, is not an indication for treatment.

Can it be performed on children?

It can generally be performed in children over 2 years of age. The ENT or allergy specialist evaluates suitability based on age, clinical presentation, and skin condition.