Detailed examination of the liver, pancreas, kidneys, intestines and other intra-abdominal organs using computed tomography. A core investigation in acute abdomen and oncologic follow-up.
Indication
- Unexplained or acute abdominal pain (acute abdomen evaluation)
- Suspected appendicitis, diverticulitis, or bowel obstruction
- Detailed examination of liver, pancreas, kidney or gallbladder diseases
- Staging and post-treatment follow-up of known intra-abdominal cancers
- Suspected kidney stones or urinary tract obstruction
- Evaluation of organ injury after abdominal trauma
- Unexplained weight loss, anemia, or suspicion of an intra-abdominal mass
Preparation
- Most protocols require fasting for 4-6 hours before the procedure
- Oral contrast may be given for bowel evaluation
- If an intravenous contrast study is planned, a recent creatinine value is needed
- Known iodine allergy and metformin use should be reported
- Possible pregnancy must be reported
- Recent imaging studies should be brought for comparison
How it's performed
- The patient lies on their back with arms raised above the head
- An IV line is opened if needed and oral contrast is administered
- Remaining still and following breath-hold commands are required
- The scanner rotates rapidly and acquires the entire abdominal cross-sections within seconds
- When contrast is given, a transient sensation of warmth and a metallic taste may occur
- Chest and pelvis scanning may be added for oncologic staging
Post-procedure
- No specific restrictions are required after the procedure; normal activities can resume
- If contrast was administered, drinking plenty of water that day is recommended
- Images are evaluated and reported by a radiologist
- In oncology follow-up, repeat imaging is planned at predetermined intervals
Risks
- CT involves ionizing radiation; abdominal CT corresponds to approximately 8-10 mSv (about 3 years of natural background radiation)
- In children and young adults, alternative methods (US, MRI) are preferred when possible
- Allergic reactions to iodinated contrast may rarely occur
- Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy is assessed in patients with kidney impairment
- During pregnancy, it is performed only in emergencies and with special precautions
FAQ
What is the difference between abdominal CT and abdominal ultrasound?
Ultrasound is a radiation-free, rapid initial assessment tool; CT provides more detailed cross-sectional imaging and shows the bowel, retroperitoneal area, and vessels better.
Is oral contrast mandatory?
It depends on the indication. It is often required for bowel disease and abdominal mass evaluation; it is not needed for kidney stone protocols.
Can it be performed without contrast?
Yes. Non-contrast CT may be sufficient in selected situations such as kidney stones or acute trauma. The decision is made based on the clinical question.
Can I drive after the scan?
Generally there are no restrictions. If sedation was not used, driving is possible.
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