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Type 2 Diabetes in Children

Insulin-resistance diabetes increasing in obese children and adolescents.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department. Book Appointment →

What is Type 2 Diabetes in Children?

Type 2 diabetes is hyperglycaemia developing on the basis of insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction and metabolic syndrome.

In children it is generally seen after age 10, in puberty, and is closely related to obesity, family history and ethnicity.

If left untreated, microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and cardiovascular disease develop early; weight management, healthy diet and metformin form the cornerstone.

Symptoms

Polyuria (frequent urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst)
Weight loss or unexpected weight gain
Acanthosis nigricans (dark velvety patches on neck-armpit)
Frequent urinary tract and skin infections
Wound healing slowness and chronic fatigue
Blurred vision and headache
Polycystic ovary syndrome (in adolescent girls)

Risk Factors

Obesity (BMI >95th percentile)
Family history of type 2 diabetes (first-degree relative)
African, Hispanic, Asian and Native American ethnicity
Maternal gestational diabetes history and birth >4 kg
Hypertension and dyslipidaemia
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss and acanthosis nigricans require an immediate paediatric endocrinologist
  • Annual screening (HbA1c, fasting glucose) is required in obese children >10 years
  • If diagnosed, weight management, exercise and metformin must be started
  • Long-term complications (eye, kidney, foot) follow-up is essential

Treatment Methods

01
Lifestyle modification (5-10% weight loss)
02
Healthy diet (Mediterranean diet, sugar restriction)
03
Regular aerobic exercise (60 min/day)
04
Metformin (first-line, 500-2000 mg/day)
05
Liraglutide or insulin (refractory cases)
06
Annual screening for cardiovascular and microvascular complications

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.