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Pneumonia in Children

Lower respiratory tract infection of bacterial or viral aetiology may progress life-threateningly especially in the under-5 age group.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department. Book Appointment →

What is Pneumonia in Children?

Pneumonia is acute infection-derived inflammation involving the lung alveoli and interstitium.

Most common pathogens are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, RSV and influenza viruses.

It is classified by clinical severity into outpatient, hospitalised and severe pneumonia categories; oxygen support is critical.

Symptoms

Fever (>38.5 °C) and cough
Tachypnoea (rapid breathing) and intercostal retraction
Crepitations and bronchial sounds on auscultation
Cyanosis and decreased oxygen saturation
Difficulty feeding and lethargy in infant
Chest pain and pleuritic character
Vomiting, abdominal pain (lower lobe pneumonia)

Risk Factors

Age <2 years and >65 years
Inadequate vaccination (pneumococcal, Hib, influenza)
Malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency
Chronic lung disease (asthma, CF, BPD)
Cardiac disease and immunodeficiency
Cigarette smoke exposure (passive)
Crowded conditions (kindergarten, dormitory)

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Emergency presentation in any rapid breathing, cyanosis and difficulty feeding
  • Hospitalisation is required if SpO₂ <92% and severe respiratory distress are present
  • Pleural drainage and IV antibiotic must be initiated for empyema and pleural fluid
  • Pneumococcal and influenza vaccine reminder is recommended for protection

Treatment Methods

01
First choice: amoxicillin (45–90 mg/kg/day, oral, 7–10 days)
02
Macrolide (azithromycin) for atypical pneumonia
03
Intravenous ceftriaxone for severe pneumonia
04
Oxygen support and fluid replacement
05
Salbutamol nebule for bronchospasm
06
Pleural drainage and thoracoscopic surgery for empyema

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Department

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You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.