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Pediatric Allergic Diseases

Food, respiratory and contact allergies are common in children, but quality of life can be preserved with accurate diagnosis and management.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department. Book Appointment →

What is Pediatric Allergic Diseases?

Allergic diseases occur when the immune system overreacts to normally harmless substances (allergens). In children, food allergy (cow's milk, egg, peanut, wheat) is most common, while respiratory allergies (mites, pet dander, pollen) become prominent after preschool age.

The atopic march concept describes the tendency of infantile atopic dermatitis and food allergy to evolve into asthma and allergic rhinitis with age.

Anaphylaxis is the life-threatening extreme form of allergy, most often triggered in children by food and drug allergies. An epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) should always be available for at-risk children.

Symptoms

Runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes (allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis)
Itching, redness and dryness of skin (atopic dermatitis)
Lip-tongue swelling, hives or vomiting after eating (food allergy)
Wheezing and cough (allergic asthma)
Anaphylaxis: throat tightness, hypotension, loss of consciousness (EMERGENCY)

Risk Factors

Family history of atopy (asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis)
Early antibiotic use
Urban and overly hygienic upbringing (hygiene hypothesis)
Exposure to tobacco smoke
Not having received breast milk
Early or very late introduction of solids

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Facial-lip swelling or breathing difficulty after food intake (EMERGENCY)
  • Respiratory distress or wheezing appearing for the first time
  • Trigger is unclear or symptoms cannot be controlled
  • Allergic symptoms disrupt school or social life

Treatment Methods

01
Trigger avoidance: dust mite measures, dietary restrictions
02
Antihistamines: cetirizine, loratadine (allergic rhinitis, urticaria)
03
Inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators (in asthma component)
04
Topical corticosteroids and emollients (atopic dermatitis)
05
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SCIT or SLIT): lasting desensitization
06
Anaphylaxis plan: epinephrine auto-injector, emergency action plan, staff training

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Department

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You can make an appointment with our specialists or contact us for your concerns.

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.