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Food Allergies (Pediatric)

Immune-mediated food reactions are seen with increasing frequency in children.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department. Book Appointment →

What is Food Allergies (Pediatric)?

Food allergy is a reproducible reaction triggered by the immune system following consumption of a particular food. Affecting approximately 5-8% of children worldwide, this condition has shown increasing prevalence in recent years.

The most common allergic foods (Big 9): cow's milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts (walnut, hazelnut), wheat, soy, fish, shellfish, and sesame. Cow's milk and egg allergies are the most common in children.

IgE-mediated reactions (urticaria, angioedema, anaphylaxis) develop within minutes. Non-IgE reactions (enteropathy, proctocolitis) emerge with gastrointestinal findings within hours-days.

Symptoms

Skin: urticaria, angioedema, eczema flare
Digestive: vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea
Respiratory: rhinitis, wheezing, laryngeal edema
Anaphylaxis: multisystem involvement, hypotension, loss of consciousness
Delayed reaction: bloody stools, growth retardation (in infants)
Oral allergy syndrome: oral and lip itching with raw fruits and vegetables

Risk Factors

Family history of atopy or food allergy
Personal atopic dermatitis (strongest risk factor)
Excessive hygiene in early life (hygiene hypothesis)
Late introduction of foods
Barrier dysfunction (sensitization to food via eczema)
Vitamin D deficiency

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Recurrent skin, respiratory, or digestive symptoms after food consumption
  • Suspicion of cow's milk or egg in eczematous infant
  • Definitely refer to allergology after an anaphylactic reaction
  • For skin testing and specific IgE for allergic diagnosis

Treatment Methods

01
Removal of allergic food from diet (elimination diet)
02
Epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen): prescribed for anaphylaxis
03
Antihistamines: in mild skin reactions
04
Oral immunotherapy (OIT): FDA-approved for peanut, cow's milk, and egg
05
Age-appropriate nutritional counseling: dietitian support

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.