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Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum)

Contagious childhood disease caused by parvovirus B19 with characteristic cheek redness.

Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department. Book Appointment →

What is Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum)?

Erythema infectiosum is a childhood exanthem disease caused by respiratory transmission of parvovirus B19. It most often affects the 5-15 age group and peaks in winter-spring months.

Initially mild fever, headache, and muscle pain are seen, with the characteristic 'slapped-cheek' rash appearing a few days later. In subsequent days, lacy-like rash is observed on the trunk and extremities.

Although the disease has a benign course in children, it carries the risk of aplastic crisis in those with chronic hemolytic anemia, chronic anemia in immunodeficiency, and fetal hydrops in pregnancy. Treatment is usually symptomatic.

Symptoms

Malaise, mild fever
'Slapped cheek' appearance
Lacy body rash
Itching
Joint pain in older children
Rash flaring with heat/sun

Risk Factors

School-age contact
Crowded living
Pregnancy (fetal risk)
Chronic hemolytic diseases
Immunodeficiency
Being a healthcare worker

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • When rash and high fever occur together in a child
  • When pallor, weakness, and easy fatigue are added
  • Suspected parvovirus contact in pregnancy
  • When rash starts in diseases like sickle cell and thalassemia
  • When joint swelling and pain develop

Treatment Methods

01
Symptomatic treatment (paracetamol, fluids)
02
Antihistamine for itching
03
Transfusion in aplastic crisis
04
IVIG in immunodeficiency
05
Serial ultrasound and MCA Doppler follow-up in pregnancy
06
Isolation (during febrile phase)

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.