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Childhood Type 1 Diabetes

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells leads to absolute insulin deficiency.

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Written by: Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board
Last updated:

This content has been compiled by the Saygı Hospital Health Guide Editorial Board and is periodically reviewed by a specialist physician.

References (5)

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. You can book an appointment at our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department. Book Appointment →

What is Childhood Type 1 Diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is the most common chronic metabolic disease in children and adolescents. The incidence is 15/100,000/year in Europe and is rapidly increasing in Türkiye. Insulin production stops completely as a result of autoimmune pancreatitis.

The classic clinical triad (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia) marks the onset. About 30-40% of cases present with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): dehydration, acidosis, altered consciousness.

Treatment fundamentals: intensified insulin therapy (basal-bolus or pump), carbohydrate counting, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), close HbA1c follow-up. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to prevent complications.

Symptoms

Excessive thirst and frequent urination
Excessive eating
Involuntary weight loss
Fatigue and weakness
Blurred vision
DKA: abdominal pain, vomiting, ketotic breath, lethargy

Risk Factors

Genetic predisposition (HLA-DR3, DR4)
Family history of T1DM
Autoimmune disease (thyroiditis, celiac)
Viral infection (enterovirus)
Northern European origin
Early cow's milk exposure

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention promptly:

  • Unexplained polyuria and polydipsia
  • Weight loss and excessive eating
  • DKA symptoms (urgent)
  • Screening if family history of diabetes
  • When enuresis returns

Treatment Methods

01
Multi-dose insulin or insulin pump therapy
02
Carbohydrate counting and meal planning
03
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
04
HbA1c follow-up (every 3 months)
05
Complication screening (eye, kidney, foot)
06
Psychological support and diabetes education

Which Department to Visit?

You can visit our Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları department for these complaints. Our specialist physicians will create the most suitable treatment plan for you.

Learn About Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Department

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Health Disclaimer: The information on this page is prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not replace medical diagnosis and treatment. Please consult your physician for your complaints. Saygı Hospital does not accept responsibility for actions taken based on the information on this page.